6-Benzyladenine alleviates NaCl stress in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings by improving photosynthesis and upregulating antioxidant defences
Xinyuan Li
A * , Meiling Gao A , Yu Guo A , Ziwei Zhang A , Zhaomin Zhang A , Li Chi B , Zhongcheng Qu B , Lei Wang C and Rongyan Huang A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China.
B Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China.
C Qiqihar Ecological Environment Comprehensive Service Guarantee Center, Qiqihar 161006, P. R. China.
Functional Plant Biology 50(3) 230-241 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP22047
Submitted: 5 March 2022 Accepted: 14 November 2022 Published: 2 December 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Soil salinity is a growing problem in agriculture, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can regulate plant response to stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) on photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defences in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seedlings under NaCl stress. Two watermelon genotypes were subjected to four different treatments: (1) normal water (control); (2) 20 mg L−1 6-BA; (3) 120 mmol L−1 NaCl; and (4) 120 mmol L−1 NaCl + 20 mg L−1 6-BA. Our results showed that NaCl stress inhibited the growth of watermelon seedlings, decreased their photosynthetic capacity, promoted membrane lipid peroxidation, and lowered the activity of protective enzymes. Additionally the salt-tolerant Charleston Gray variety fared better than the salt-sensitive Zhengzi NO.017 variety under NaCl stress. Foliar spraying of 6-BA under NaCl stress significantly increased biomass accumulation, as well as photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and protein content, while decreasing malondialdehyde levels, H2O2 content, and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, 6-BA enhanced photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate; activated antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase; and improved the efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle by stimulating glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase, as well as ascorbic acid and glutathione content. Principal component analysis confirmed that 6-BA improved salt tolerance of the two watermelon varieties, particularly Zhengzi NO.017, albeit through two different regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, 6-BA treatment could alleviate NaCl stress-induced damage and improve salt tolerance of watermelons by regulating photosynthesis and osmoregulation, activating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and promoting antioxidant defences.
Keywords: antioxidants, AsA-GSH cycle, 6-benzyladenine, growth, photosynthesis, ROS scavenging enzymes, salt stress, watermelon.
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