Traditional soybean (Glycine max) breeding increases seed yield but reduces yield stability under non-phosphorus supply
Zhong-Hua Zhang A , Jairo A. Palta B C , Ping Lu D , Ming-Jian Ren A , Xing-Tao Zhu E and Jin He
A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
B The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
C CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
D Institute of Economic Crop, Anshun Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China.
E Guizhou Institute of Oil Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China.
Functional Plant Biology 49(2) 132-144 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21116
Submitted: 16 April 2021 Accepted: 24 October 2021 Published: 24 November 2021
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Traditional soybean (Glycine max L.) breeding has improved seed yield in high-input agricultural systems, under high nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. The seed yield improvements under non-P supply and the seed protein and mineral content dilution by yield improvement were evaluated in 18 soybean cultivars released from 1995 to 2016 in south-east China. Soybean varieties were grown under rainfed conditions in the field under 0 and 35 kg P ha−1 in four sites: Dafang and Shiqian in the growing season of 2017 and Dafang and Puding in the 2018 season. The seed yield, seed protein content and nine seed nutrition concentration were examined. Soybean seed yield increased with the year of release at rates of 5.5–6.7 g m−2 year−1 under 35 kg P ha−1 and 3.9–4.8 g m−2 year−1 under non-P supply in the four experiments. The increase resulted from increases in the number of filled-pods and total seed number rather than from single seed weight and number of seeds per pod. Seed protein content and seed nutrition concentration has not changed with the year of release under 0 and 35 kg P ha−1. Grain yield was positively correlated with the seed Fe concentration. The cultivar superiority of seed yield, seed P, Zn and Ca concentration was negatively correlated with their static stability coefficient. Traditional soybean breeding increased yield under both P and non-P supply, without affecting seed protein content and mineral concentrations. A trade-off between high seed yield and seed P, Zn and Ca concentration and their stability under different environments was shown.
Keywords: breeding, nutrition concentration, P supply, seed elemental concentration, seed protein, soybean, trade-off, yield components.
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