Salinity effects on chloroplast PSII performance in glycophytes and halophytes1
William J. Percey A , Andrew McMinn B , Jayakumar Bose A C , Michael C. Breadmore D , Rosanne M. Guijt E and Sergey Shabala A F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart 7001, Australia.
B Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart 7001, Australia.
C ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
D Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia.
E School of Medicine and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 34, Hobart 7001, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: sergey.shabala@utas.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 43(11) 1003-1015 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP16135
Submitted: 8 April 2016 Accepted: 12 June 2016 Published: 8 August 2016
Abstract
The effects of NaCl stress and K+ nutrition on photosynthetic parameters of isolated chloroplasts were investigated using PAM fluorescence. Intact mesophyll cells were able to maintain optimal photosynthetic performance when exposed to salinity for more than 24 h whereas isolated chloroplasts showed declines in both the relative electron transport rate (rETR) and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) within the first hour of treatment. The rETR was much more sensitive to salt stress compared with Fv/Fm, with 40% inhibition of rETR observed at apoplastic NaCl concentration as low as 20 mM. In isolated chloroplasts, absolute K+ concentrations were more essential for the maintenance of the optimal photochemical performance (Fv/Fm values) rather than sodium concentrations per se. Chloroplasts from halophyte species of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and pigface (Carpobrotus rosii (Haw.) Schwantes) showed less than 18% decline in Fv/Fm under salinity, whereas the Fv/Fm decline in chloroplasts from glycophyte pea (Pisum sativum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) species was much stronger (31 and 47% respectively). Vanadate (a P-type ATPase inhibitor) significantly reduced Fv/Fm in both control and salinity treated chloroplasts (by 7 and 25% respectively), whereas no significant effects of gadolinium (blocker of non-selective cation channels) were observed in salt-treated chloroplasts. Tetraethyl ammonium (TEA) (K+ channel inhibitor) and amiloride (inhibitor of the Na+/H+ antiporter) increased the Fv/Fm of salinity treated chloroplasts by 16 and 17% respectively. These results suggest that chloroplasts’ ability to regulate ion transport across the envelope and thylakoid membranes play a critical role in leaf photosynthetic performance under salinity.
Additional keywords: membrane transport, non-stomatal limitation, photosynthesis, potassium, ROS, sodium.
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