Indigenous Knowledge of seasons delivers a new way of considering annual cycles in atmospheric dispersion of pollutants
Stephanie Beaupark
A B * , Élise-Andrée Guérette A I * , Clare Paton-Walsh A * , Les Bursill C D , Scott D. Chambers A E , Lexodius Dadd F , Maddison Miller F , Christopher Tobin F , Marcus Hughes G and Emma Woodward H
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
B School of Geography & Sustainable Communities, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
C Dharawal community, NSW, Australia.
D University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
E Environmental Research, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
F Darug community, NSW, Australia.
G Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
H CSIRO Environment, Floreat, WA 6913, Australia.
I Present address: CSIRO Environment, Aspendale, Vic. 3195, Australia.
Handling Editor: Robyn Schofield
Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 73(1) 44-59 https://doi.org/10.1071/ES22027
Submitted: 17 August 2022 Accepted: 20 January 2023 Published: 22 February 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Bureau of Meteorology. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Poor air quality is recognised as the most important environmental health issue of our time. Meteorological variables like temperature and wind speed can strongly influence air quality and these variables often show clear annual cycles. It is therefore common to analyse atmospheric pollutants within a seasonal framework. However, the commonly used seasons in Australia do not align well with all of the most important annual weather patterns that influence air quality in the Sydney Basin. We used Indigenous perspectives on ‘seasons’ as identified by the co-authors and combined these with statistical analysis of the local climatology. This enabled us to create a set of locally informed ‘quasi-seasons’ that we named IKALC-seasons (Indigenous Knowledge Applied to Local Climatology). Engaging with the IKALC-seasons improved our understanding of temporal variability of air pollution in western Sydney, mainly due to a better identification of the time of year when cold, still weather conditions result in higher levels of fine particulate pollution, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Although the IKALC seasons identified in this study are intrinsically local in nature, the methodology developed has broadscale application. This approach can be used to identify the times of year when micrometeorological conditions are most likely to drive poor air quality thereby helping to inform effective decision-making about emission controls.
Keywords: air pollution meteorology, air quality, CO, Indigenous Knowledge, NOX, O3, PM2.5, seasonal cycles, seasons, Sydney.
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