Naturally derived carbon material for hydrogen storage
Bashirul Haq A * , Dhafer Al-Shehri A , Amir Al-Ahmed B , Mohammad Mizanur Rahman C , Mahmoud M. Abdelnaby D , Nasiru Salahu Muhammed A , Ehsan Zaman E , Md Abdul Aziz D , Stefan Iglauer F and Mohammed Sofian Ali Khalid AA Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
B Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
C Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
D Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
E BOC Australia Ltd, Canning Vale, WA 6108, Australia.
F School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, WA 6027, Australia.
The APPEA Journal 62(1) 24-32 https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ21115
Submitted: 30 December 2021 Accepted: 7 February 2022 Published: 13 May 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of APPEA.
Abstract
Over the last few decades, hydrogen storage has become a vital issue for hydrogen technologies. Several techniques, such as adsorbents, hydrides, nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks and porous polymers, have been widely explored for hydrogen storage. Although some techniques are promising, there are still challenges, such as operating temperature and pressure, cyclic reversibility and higher hydrogen content. The concept of carbon-based nanomaterials in hydrogen storage, among all the systems that are up-and-coming, appears to be promising, especially the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated carbons, and carbon particle systems. This work reports on the development of carbon material from naturally available biomass, such as waste date leafs, through the pyrolysis method and its hydrogen capacity and comparison with commercial CNTs. The synthesised carbon nanomaterial was characterised using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The date leaf carbon nanomaterial was found to have better surface area and pore‐size distribution than CNTs, which is promising for hydrogen storage.
Keywords: CNT, date leaf carbon nanomaterial (DLCNM), hydrogen, hydrogen storage, physisorption, pyrolysis.
Bashirul Haq is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Petroleum Engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi Arab and has 15 years of experience in research, teaching, consultancy and testing in reservoir, production and drilling engineering. Haq received a PhD in Petroleum Engineering from The University of Western Australia (UWA) and MSc in Petroleum Engineering. Bashir rendered consulting services to Chevron, Helix RDS, Unocal, and Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) and worked at UWA, CSIRO, and Curtin University. He is a member of Engineers Australia and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). |
Dr Dhafer A. Al-Shehri is the Chairman and an Associate Professor of the Department of Petroleum Engineering at KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He has more than 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry and academia. Dr Dhafer worked in Saudi Aramco for 18 years. He has been an active SPE member throughout his career; he has served in many technical and organising committees for SPE and other technical events; and he has authored more than 90 papers in peer-reviewed technical journals and regional and international conferences. He was also a keynote speaker for several SPE workshops. Dr Dhafer received PhD from Texas A&M University in Petroleum Engineering. Dr Shehri is a recipient of the 2019 International SPE Distinguished Membership award and was appointed as an SPE Middle East Advisory Council member. |
Dr Amir Al-Ahmed is working as a Research Scientist-II (Associate Professor) in the Interdisciplinary Research Center (IRC) forRenewable Energy and Power Systems at KFUPM, Saudi Arabia. His research activity is fundamentally focused on 3rd generation solar cell devices, such as low band gap semiconductors, quantum dots, perovskites, and tandem cells. He is also working on energy storage technologies to address Saudi Arabian high temperature conditions. He has worked on different National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (NSTIP), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and Saudi Aramco funded projects in the capacity of a principle and co-investigator. Dr. Amir has six US patents and over 60 journal articles, book chapters and conferences publications. He has edited 10 books, and he is also the Editor-in-Chief of an international journal ‘Nano Hybrids and Composites’, along with Professor Y. H. Kim. |
Dr Mohammad Mizanur Rahman is a Research Scientist II at the IRC for Advanced Materials, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He attended Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh, where he obtained BSc and MSc in Chemistry in 1996 and 1997, respectively. He earned a PhD from the Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, South Korea, in 2008. His focused research areas are coating and energy materials. |
Dr Mahmoud M. Abdelnaby currently works as a Research Scientist III in the IRC for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES). He received his Bachelor and Master degrees from Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In 2018, he obtained his PhD from the Chemistry Department, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia. His current research focuses on the development of novel porous organic materials and metal–organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture and conversion. |
Mr Nasiru Salahu Muhammed is a PhD student at KFUPM. His research interests are energy storage and green enhanced oil/gas recovery. He received his BEng in Chemical Engineering from the Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria, and an MSc in Petroleum Engineering from Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh (UK). Muhammed also earned an MSc in Petroleum Geoscience from the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. He is a member of SPE and is the General Secretary of the SPE – KFUPM section. |
Ehsan Zaman is working as Maintenance Manager at BOC Ltd, Australia. He has more than 10 years of experience in gas production and separation. Ehsan earned a BSc in Mechanical Engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2001 and an MS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, in 2004. Zaman is a professional member of the Engineers Australia and Institute of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB). |
Md Abdul Aziz received his MSc in Organic Chemistry in 2001 from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. In 2009, he earned his PhD in Chemistry from the Pusan National University, Republic of Korea. He then worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, from 2009 to 2011. He is now a Research Scientist II at the IRC-HES, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia. His main research interests are preparation, immobilisation and functionalisation of nanomaterials and carbonaceous materials, and their application in chemical and biochemical and gas sensors, water oxidation, supercapacitors and so forth. |
Stefan Iglauer received his Diplom-Chemiker degree from Paderborn University in 1998 and his PhD in Engineering from Oxford Brookes University in 2002. Afterward, he joined the California Institute of Technology, and subsequently the Imperial College London, as a Research Fellow. In 2011, he moved to Australia as an academic where he first joined Curtin University and since February 2018, Edith Cowan University, where he is now a Professor of Petroleum Engineering. His research focuses on nanoenergy applications, CO2 and hydrogen storage, flow through porous media, and general energy production and climate change mitigation. |
Mohammed Sofian Ali Khalid is a full-time master’s student at KFUPM, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Petroleum Engineering. His BSc study was at the University of Khartoum, Sudan, where he recieved his Honours in November 2017. Afterward, Mr. Khalid worked for the Ministry of Oil and Energy, Sudan, in Petroleum Laboratories Research and Studies. During this time, he worked as a Laboratory Assistant in the Core Laboratory. His duties included both types of core analysis: Conventional Core Analysis and Special Core Analysis. Mr. Khalid then joined the Dal Group Company as a Supply Chain Graduate Trainee through their Graduates Development Program. Finally, he started his graduate studies at KFUPM in August 2021. |
References
Ariharan, A, Ramesh, K, Vinayagamoorthi, R, Rani, MS, Viswanathan, B, Ramaprabhu, S, and Nandhakumar, V (2021). Biomass Derived Phosphorous Containing Porous Carbon Material for Hydrogen Storage and High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications. Journal of Energy Storage 35, 102185.| Biomass Derived Phosphorous Containing Porous Carbon Material for Hydrogen Storage and High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bader, N, Zacharia, R, Abdelmottaleb, O, and Cossement, D (2018). How the Activation Process Modifies the Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons. Journal of Porous Materials 25, 221–34.
| How the Activation Process Modifies the Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Banerjee, S, Dasgupta, K, Kumar, A, Ruz, P, Vishwanadh, B, Joshi, JB, and Sudarsan, V (2015). Comparative Evaluation of Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Pd Doped Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Wet Impregnation and Polyol Methods. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, 3268–76.
| Comparative Evaluation of Hydrogen Storage Behavior of Pd Doped Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Wet Impregnation and Polyol Methods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blankenship, LS, Balahmar, N, and Mokaya, R (2017). Oxygen-Rich Microporous Carbons with Exceptional Hydrogen Storage Capacity. Nature Communications 8, 1545.
| Oxygen-Rich Microporous Carbons with Exceptional Hydrogen Storage Capacity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29146978PubMed |
Carraro, PM, García Blanco, AA, Lener, G, Barrera, D, Amaya-Roncancio, S, Chanquía, C, Troiani, H, Oliva, MI, and Eimer, GA (2019). Nanostructured Carbons Modified with Nickel as Potential Novel Reversible Hydrogen Storage Materials: Effects of Nickel Particle Size. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 273, 50–9.
| Nanostructured Carbons Modified with Nickel as Potential Novel Reversible Hydrogen Storage Materials: Effects of Nickel Particle Size.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Doğan, M, Sabaz, P, Bi̇ci̇l, Z, Koçer kizilduman, B, and Turhan, Y (2020). Activated Carbon Synthesis from Tangerine Peel and Its Use in Hydrogen Storage. Journal of the Energy Institute 93, 2176–85.
| Activated Carbon Synthesis from Tangerine Peel and Its Use in Hydrogen Storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dutta, S, Bhaumik, A, and Wu, KCW (2014). Hierarchically Porous Carbon Derived from Polymers and Biomass: Effect of Interconnected Pores on Energy Applications. Energy and Environmental Science 7, 3574–92.
| Hierarchically Porous Carbon Derived from Polymers and Biomass: Effect of Interconnected Pores on Energy Applications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gigras, A, Bhatia, SK, Anil Kumar, AV, and Myers, AL (2007). Feasibility of Tailoring for High Isosteric Heat to Improve Effectiveness of Hydrogen Storage in Carbons. Carbon 45, 1043–50.
| Feasibility of Tailoring for High Isosteric Heat to Improve Effectiveness of Hydrogen Storage in Carbons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Haq B, Aziz A, Abbas S, and Dhafer Al S (2020) (12) United States Patent. US 10,836,952 B2, Date of Patent: Nov 17, 2020, issued 2020.
Hu, W, Li, Y, Zheng, M, Xiao, Y, Dong, H, Liang, Y, Hu, H, and Liu, Y (2021). Degradation of Biomass Components to Prepare Porous Carbon for Exceptional Hydrogen Storage Capacity. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, 5418–26.
| Degradation of Biomass Components to Prepare Porous Carbon for Exceptional Hydrogen Storage Capacity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ishaq, H, Ibrahim, D, and Curran, C (2021). A Review on Hydrogen Production and Utilization: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , .
| A Review on Hydrogen Production and Utilization: Challenges and Opportunities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 34518722PubMed |
Juárez, JM, Costa, MG, and Anunziata, OA (2018). Direct Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Applied in Hydrogen Storage. Journal of Porous Materials 25, 1359–63.
| Direct Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Applied in Hydrogen Storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kakoulaki, G, Kougias, I, Taylor, N, Dolci, F, Moya, J, and Jäger-Waldau, A (2021). Green Hydrogen in Europe – A Regional Assessment: Substituting Existing Production with Electrolysis Powered by Renewables. Energy Conversion and Management July 2020, 228.
| Green Hydrogen in Europe – A Regional Assessment: Substituting Existing Production with Electrolysis Powered by Renewables.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Khan, A, Senthil, RA, Pan, J, Osman, S, Sun, Y, and Shu, X (2020). A New Biomass Derived Rod-like Porous Carbon from Tea-Waste as Inexpensive and Sustainable Energy Material for Advanced Supercapacitor Application. Electrochimica Acta 335, 135588.
| A New Biomass Derived Rod-like Porous Carbon from Tea-Waste as Inexpensive and Sustainable Energy Material for Advanced Supercapacitor Application.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kopac, T (2021). Hydrogen Storage Characteristics of Bio-Based Porous Carbons of Different Origin: A Comparative Review. International Journal of Energy Research 45, 20497–523.
| Hydrogen Storage Characteristics of Bio-Based Porous Carbons of Different Origin: A Comparative Review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McNicholas, TP, Wang, A, O’neill, K, Anderson, RJ, Stadie, NP, Kleinhammes, A, Parilla, P, et al. (2010). H2 Storage in Microporous Carbons from PEEK Precursors. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, 13902–8.
| H2 Storage in Microporous Carbons from PEEK Precursors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Minoda, A, Oshima, S, Iki, H, and Akiba, E (2014). Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Lithium-Doped KOH Activated Carbons. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 606, 112–16.
| Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Lithium-Doped KOH Activated Carbons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mohan, M, Sharma, VK, Kumar, EA, and Gayathri., V (2019). Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Materials—A Review. Energy Storage 1, e35.
| Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Materials—A Review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Muhammed, NS, Haq, B, Al shehri, D, Al-Ahmed, A, Rahman, MM, and Zaman, E (2022). A Review on Underground Hydrogen Storage: Insight into Geological Sites, Influencing Factors and Future Outlook. Energy Reports 8, 461–99.
| A Review on Underground Hydrogen Storage: Insight into Geological Sites, Influencing Factors and Future Outlook.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nikolaidis, P, and Poullikkas, A (2017). A Comparative Overview of Hydrogen Production Processes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67, 597–611.
| A Comparative Overview of Hydrogen Production Processes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Oliveira, AM, Beswick, RR, and Yan, Y (2021). A Green Hydrogen Economy for a Renewable Energy Society. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 33, 100701.
| A Green Hydrogen Economy for a Renewable Energy Society.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Puziy, AM, Poddubnaya, OI, Socha, RP, Gurgul, J, and Wisniewski, M (2008). XPS and NMR Studies of Phosphoric Acid Activated Carbons. Carbon 46, 2113–23.
| XPS and NMR Studies of Phosphoric Acid Activated Carbons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ramesh, T, Rajalakshmi, N, and Dhathathreyan, KS (2017). Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Jute Fibers for Hydrogen Storage. Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2, 4.
| Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Jute Fibers for Hydrogen Storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rather, S, and Hwang, SW (2016). Comparative Hydrogen Uptake Study on Titanium–MWCNTs Composite Prepared by Two Different Methods. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, 18114–20.
| Comparative Hydrogen Uptake Study on Titanium–MWCNTs Composite Prepared by Two Different Methods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Samantaray, SS, Mangisetti, SR, and Ramaprabhu, S (2019). Investigation of Room Temperature Hydrogen Storage in Biomass Derived Activated Carbon. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 789, 800–4.
| Investigation of Room Temperature Hydrogen Storage in Biomass Derived Activated Carbon.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sharma, A (2020). Investigation on Platinum Loaded Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Storage Applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, 2967–74.
| Investigation on Platinum Loaded Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Storage Applications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stadie, NP, Vajo, JJ, Cumberland, RW, Wilson, AA, Ahn, CC, and Fultz, B (2012). Zeolite-Templated Carbon Materials for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage. Langmuir 28, 10057–63.
| Zeolite-Templated Carbon Materials for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22686576PubMed |
Ströbel, R, Garche, J, Moseley, PT, Jörissen, L, and Wolf, G (2006). Hydrogen Storage by Carbon Materials. Journal of Power Sources 159, 781–801.
| Hydrogen Storage by Carbon Materials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wakayama, H (2020). Hydrogen Storage of a Mechanically Milled Carbon Material Fabricated by Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 28, 841–45.
| Hydrogen Storage of a Mechanically Milled Carbon Material Fabricated by Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wróbel-Iwaniec, I, Díez, N, and Gryglewicz, G (2015). Chitosan-Based Highly Activated Carbons for Hydrogen Storage. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, 5788–96.
| Chitosan-Based Highly Activated Carbons for Hydrogen Storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang, SJ, Kim, T, Im, JH, Kim, YS, Lee, K, Jung, H, and Park, CR (2012). MOF-Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon with Exceptional Porosity and Hydrogen Storage Capacity. Chemistry of Materials 24, 464–70.
| MOF-Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon with Exceptional Porosity and Hydrogen Storage Capacity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang, C, Yunchao, X, Heng, D, Cheng, Z, Jhengwun, S, and Jian, L (2019). Nitrogen Doped Coal with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Engineered Science 8, 39–45.
| Nitrogen Doped Coal with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang, H, Zhu, Y, Liu, Q, and Li, X (2022). Preparation of Porous Carbon Materials from Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors for Hydrogen Storage. Applied Energy 306, 118131.
| Preparation of Porous Carbon Materials from Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors for Hydrogen Storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhao, W, Lu, L, Hongyan, W, and Mizi, F (2016). Synthesis of Bamboo-Based Activated Carbons with Super-High Specific Surface Area for Hydrogen Storage. BioResources 12, 1246–62.
| Synthesis of Bamboo-Based Activated Carbons with Super-High Specific Surface Area for Hydrogen Storage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhong, M, Fu, Z, Mi, R, Liu, X, Li, X, Yuan, L, Huang, W, Yang, X, Tang, Y, and Wang, C (2018). Fabrication of Pt-Doped Carbon Aerogels for Hydrogen Storage by Radiation Method. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, 19174–81.
| Fabrication of Pt-Doped Carbon Aerogels for Hydrogen Storage by Radiation Method.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhu, B, Shang, C, and Guo, Z (2016). Naturally Nitrogen and Calcium-Doped Nanoporous Carbon from Pine Cone with Superior CO2 Capture Capacities. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 4, 1050–57.
| Naturally Nitrogen and Calcium-Doped Nanoporous Carbon from Pine Cone with Superior CO2 Capture Capacities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
