DMS sea-to-air fluxes and their influence on sulfate aerosols over the Southern Ocean, south-east Indian Ocean and north-west Pacific Ocean
Miming Zhang
A E , Christa A. Marandino B , Jinpei Yan A , Qi Lin A , Keyhong Park C and Guojie Xu D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Key Laboratory of Global change and Marine–Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
B Forschungsbereich Marine Biogeochemie, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
C Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
D Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol–Cloud–Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
E Corresponding author. Email: zhangmiming@tio.org.cn
Environmental Chemistry 18(6) 193-201 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN21003
Submitted: 14 January 2021 Accepted: 7 April 2021 Published: 30 April 2021
Environmental context. The ocean-produced dimethyl sulfide (DMS) molecule is thought to affect cloud formation and the solar radiation budget at the Earth’s surface, hence playing an important role in regulating climate. In this study, we calculated the DMS sea-to-air flux across the Southern Ocean, south-east Indian Ocean and north-west Pacific Ocean, and analysed the influence of DMS fluxes on sulfate aerosols. These results improved our understanding of the effects of DMS emissions on sulfate compounds in the atmosphere over the global ocean.
Abstract. Oceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the most abundant biogenic sulfur compound emitted into the atmosphere and could indirectly regulate the global climate by impacting end product sulfate aerosols. DMS emissions and their influence on sulfate aerosols, i.e. methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42–), were investigated over the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean (SO), the south-east Indian Ocean, and the north-west Pacific Ocean from February to April 2014 during the 30th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. We found a strong large-scale DMS source in the marginal sea ice zone from 34 °W to 14 °E of the SO (south of 60 °S), in which the mean flux was 49.0 ± 65.6 μmol m−2 d−1 (0.6–308.3 μmol m−2 d−1, n = 424). We also found a second large-scale DMS source in the South Subtropical Front (~40 °S, up to 50.8 μmol m−2 d−1). An inconsistency between concentrations of atmospheric sulfate compounds and DMS emissions along the cruise track was observed. The horizontal advection of air masses was likely the main reason for this discrepancy. Finally, the biological exposure calculation results also indicated that it is very difficult to observe a straightforward relationship between oceanic biomass and atmospheric MSA.
Keywords: dimethyl sulfide, DMS, sulfate aerosol, DMS sea-to-air fluxes, the Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, relationships.
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