Accumulation of trace elements within Vitis vinifera L. varieties cultivated in Biscay (Basque Country) for txakoli production: a two-year case study
Olaia Liñero
A D , Jose Antonio Carrero A , Andone Estonba B and Alberto de Diego A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
B Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
C Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
D Corresponding author. Email: olaia.linero@ehu.eus
Environmental Chemistry 15(4) 215-225 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN18009
Submitted: 10 January 2018 Accepted: 22 March 2018 Published: 29 June 2018
Environmental context. Txakoli wine is unique to the Basque Country, and is characterised by its high acidity and minerality. Trace element profiles were obtained over a two-year period for the roots, leaves and fruits of three grape varieties intended for txakoli production. These data on the growth- and variety-specific trace-element profiles could guide the choice of grape for the production of txakoli with particular elemental characteristics.
Abstract. The accumulation of 20 elements in two autochthonous and one authorised txakoli grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) commonly used in regional and European viticulture was investigated here over a two-year period, in order to understand how these elements are taken up, transported and stored, and to compare the results among the three grapevine varieties. Samples of the three grapevines were collected at four phenological growth stages (leaf development, flowering, fruit formation and ripening of berries). The concentrations of 20 essential, non-essential and toxic elements were measured by using ICP-MS. Most of the toxic elements were immobilised in the roots (P < 0.001, Al, As, Pb, Ti, V, Tl, Cr and Cd), which thus acted as a detoxification barrier against aboveground contamination. The main pool of essential elements was in the leaves (P < 0.001, Mg, Ca, Mn and Cu), which accumulate and transport micronutrients to other organs for the plants growth and development. The concentrations of non-essential and toxic elements in grape berries were low, especially at the time of harvesting (P < 0.05, richer in Fe, Na, Mg and K), which is important for food quality and safe wine production (Cd and Pb were far below the threshold established by the European Commission 1886/2006). Riesling presented more effective mechanisms to accumulate Mn, Co, K and Fe (P < 0.05) in leaves and berries at the time of harvesting than those of autochthonous varieties, which corroborates the common origin of the latter. Understanding these growth- and variety-specific mechanisms is important for choosing the right grape for the production of a txakoli with specific elemental characteristics.
Additional keywords: annual growth cycle, grapevine, uptake.
References
Albulescu M, Turuga L, Popovici H, Masu S, Uruioc S, Kiraly LZ (2009). Study regarding the heavy metals content (lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium) in soil and Vitis vinifera in vineyards from Caras–Severin County. Journal of the Chemical Society 3, 45–52.Angelova VR, Ivanov AS, Braikov DM (1999). Heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd) in the system soil-grapevine-grape. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, 713–721.
| Heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd) in the system soil-grapevine-grapeCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Arduini I, Masoni A, Mariotti M, Pampana S, Ercoli L (2014). Cadmium uptake and translocation in durum wheat varieties differing in grain-Cd accumulation. Plant, Soil and Environment 60, 43–49.
| Cadmium uptake and translocation in durum wheat varieties differing in grain-Cd accumulationCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Barker AV, Pilbeam DJ (2015). ‘Handbook of plant nutrition, 2nd edn.’ (CRC Press: Boca Ratón, FL)
Basque Government (2015). Ley 4/2015, de 25 de junio, para la prevención y corrección de la contaminación del suelo. BOE n° 176. Orden edn. País Vasco.
Bertoldi D, Larcher R, Bertamini M, Otto S, Concheri G, Nicolini G (2011). Accumulation and distribution pattern of macro- and microelements and trace elements in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, 7224–7236.
| Accumulation and distribution pattern of macro- and microelements and trace elements in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay berriesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bizkaiko Foru Aldundia (2015). Trafikoaren bilakaera Bizkaiko errepideetan. Available at http://www.bizkaia.eus/home2/Temas/DetalleTema.asp?Tem_Codigo=7660&idioma=CA&dpto_biz=6&codpath_biz=6%7C6317%7C6322%7C7660 [verified 14 October 2017].
Bravo S, Amorós JA, Pérez-de-los-Reyes C, García FJ, Moreno MM, Sánchez-Ormeño M, Higueras P (2017). Influence of the soil pH in the uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn) and other elements (Ca, K, Al, Sr and Ba) in vine leaves, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 174, 79–83.
| Influence of the soil pH in the uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn) and other elements (Ca, K, Al, Sr and Ba) in vine leaves, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brillante L, Martínez-Lüscher J, Kurtural SK (2018). Applied water and mechanical canopy management affect berry and wine phenolic and aroma composition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Syrah) in Central California. Scientia Horticulturae 227, 261–271.
| Applied water and mechanical canopy management affect berry and wine phenolic and aroma composition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Syrah) in Central CaliforniaCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brunetto G, Bastos de Melo GW, Terzano R, del Buono D, Astolfi S, Tomasi N, Pii Y, Mimmo T, Cesco S (2016). Copper accumulation in vineyard soils: rhizosphere processes and agronomic practices to limit its toxicity. Chemosphere 162, 293–307.
| Copper accumulation in vineyard soils: rhizosphere processes and agronomic practices to limit its toxicityCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clemens S, Palgren M, Krämer U (2002). A long way ahead: understanding and engineering plant metal accumulation. Trends in Plant Science 7, 309–315.
| A long way ahead: understanding and engineering plant metal accumulationCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clemens S, Aarts MGM, Thomine S, Verbruggen N (2013). Plant science: the key to preventing slow cadmium poisoning. Trends in Plant Science 18, 92–99.
| Plant science: the key to preventing slow cadmium poisoningCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cools N, De Vos B (2013). Chapter 15 – forest soil: characterization, sampling, physical, and chemical analyses. Developments in Environmental Science 12, 267–300.
| Chapter 15 – forest soil: characterization, sampling, physical, and chemical analysesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Corcuera M, González M (2007). ‘Chacolí. Txakolina, 1st edn.’ (Editorial Nerea, S.A.: Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain)
Cornelis R, Caruso JA, Crews H, Heumann KG (2005). ‘Handbook of elemental speciation II: species in the environment. Food, medicine and occupational health, 2nd edn.’ (John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ)
Departamento de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Gobierno Vasco (2006). Orden de 21 de agosto de 2006, del Consejero de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, de tercera modificación de la orden sobre reconocimiento definitivo y aprobación del Reglamento de la Denominación de Origen ‘Chacolí de Bizkaia-Bizkaiko Txakolina’. BOPV n° 172. Orden edn. País Vasco.
Dinis LT, Correia CM, Ferreira H, Gonçalves B, Gonçalves I, Coutinho JF, Ferreira MI, Malheiro AC, Moutinho-Pereira J (2014). Physiological and biochemical responses of Semillon and Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains winegrapes grown under Mediterranean climate. Scientia Horticulturae 175, 128–138.
| Physiological and biochemical responses of Semillon and Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains winegrapes grown under Mediterranean climateCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Einax JW, Zwanziger H, Gneiss S (1997). ‘Chemometrics in environmental analysis.’ (Wiley VCH: Weinheim)
Epstein E, Bloom AJ (2005). ‘Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and perspectives.’ (Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA).
Escobal A, González J, Iriondo C, Laborra C (1997a). Liquid chromatographic determination of organic acids in txakoli from Bizkaia. Food Chemistry 58, 381–384.
| Liquid chromatographic determination of organic acids in txakoli from BizkaiaCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Escobal A, Iriondo C, Laborra C (1997b). Determination of volatile compounds in Txakoli wine from Biscay by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. A 778, 225–234.
| Determination of volatile compounds in Txakoli wine from Biscay by gas chromatography-mass spectrometryCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Etaio I, Gil PF, Ojeda M, Albisu M, Salmerón J, Pérez Elortondo FJ (2012). Improvement of sensory quality control in PDO products: An example with txakoli white wine from Bizkaia. Food Quality and Preference 23, 138–147.
| Improvement of sensory quality control in PDO products: An example with txakoli white wine from BizkaiaCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
European Commission (2006). Commission Regulation No 1881/2006, setting maximum levels of certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Belgium. Official Journal of the European Union, L 364/5.
Euskalmet (2017) Estazioetako datuak. Hileroko klimatologiak. Available at http://www.euskalmet.euskadi.eus/s07-5853x/eu/meteorologia/climatologia.apl?gen=S&e=8&campo=C003-Derio [verified 20 June 2016].
Feige M, Hampel G, Kratz JV, Wiehl N, Konig H, Wagner A (2014). Chronological development of element concentrations in grapes during growth and ripeness and during fermentation of must determined by instrumental neutron-activation analyses. Radiochimica Acta 102, 333–349.
| Chronological development of element concentrations in grapes during growth and ripeness and during fermentation of must determined by instrumental neutron-activation analysesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guo W, Nazim H, Liang Z, Yang D (2016). Magnesium deficiency in plants: an urgent problem. The Crop Journal 4, 83–91.
| Magnesium deficiency in plants: an urgent problemCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
He ZL, Yang XE, Stoffella PJ (2005). Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 19, 125–140.
| Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environmentCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kabata-Pendias A (2004). Soil-plant transfer of trace elements: an environmental issue. Geoderma 122, 143–149.
| Soil-plant transfer of trace elements: an environmental issueCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Keller M (2015). Developmental physiology. In ‘The science of grapevines: anatomy and physiology, 2nd edn.’ (Ed. M. Keller) pp. 193–266. (Academic Press: San Diego, CA)
Ko BG, Vogeler I, Bolan NS, Clothier B, Green S, Kennedy J (2007). Mobility of copper, chromium and arsenic from treated timber into grapevines. The Science of the Total Environment 388, 35–42.
| Mobility of copper, chromium and arsenic from treated timber into grapevinesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kumar A, Singh UM, Manohar M, Gaur VS (2015). Calcium transport from source to sink: understanding the mechanism(s) of acquisition, translocation, and accumulation for crop biofortification. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37, 1722
| Calcium transport from source to sink: understanding the mechanism(s) of acquisition, translocation, and accumulation for crop biofortificationCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liñero O, Cidad M, Carrero JA, Nguyen C, de Diego A (2015). Accumulation and Translocation of Essential and nonessential elements by tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivated in open-air plots under organic or conventional farming techniques. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, 9461–9470.
| Accumulation and Translocation of Essential and nonessential elements by tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivated in open-air plots under organic or conventional farming techniquesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liñero O, Cidad M, Carrero JA, Nguyen C, de Diego A (2017). Partitioning of nutrients and non-essential elements in Swiss chards cultivated in open-air plots. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 59, 179–187.
| Partitioning of nutrients and non-essential elements in Swiss chards cultivated in open-air plotsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lorenz DH, Eichhorn KW, Bleiholder H, Klose R, Meier U, Weber E (1995). Growth stages of the grapevine: phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) - codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scale. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 1, 100–103.
| Growth stages of the grapevine: phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera) - codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scaleCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Manara A (2012). Plant responses to heavy metal toxicity. In ‘Plants and heavy metals’. (Ed. A Furini) pp. 27–53. (Springer: Dordrecht, Netherlands)
Marschner H, Marschner P (2012). ‘Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants, 3rd edn.’ (Academic Press: San Diego, CA).
Mendel RR (2013). The molybdenum cofactor. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, 13165–13172.
| The molybdenum cofactorCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Millaleo R, Reyes-Diaz M, Ivanov AG, Mora ML, Alberdi M (2010). Manganese as essential and toxic element for plants: transport, accumulation and resistance mechanisms. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, 470–481.
| Manganese as essential and toxic element for plants: transport, accumulation and resistance mechanismsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (2015). Encuesta sobre superficies y rendimientos cultivos (ESYRCE). Encuesta de Marco de áreas de España. Available at http://www.mapama.gob.es/es/estadistica/temas/estadisticas-agrarias/agricultura/esyrce/ [verified 12 June 2016].
Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM (2010). Heavy metals, ocurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 8, 199–216.
| Heavy metals, ocurrence and toxicity for plants: a reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ocete R, López MÁ, Gallardo A, Arnold C (2008). Comparative analysis of wild and cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in the Basque Region of Spain and France. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 123, 95–98.
| Comparative analysis of wild and cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in the Basque Region of Spain and FranceCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
OIV (2016) World vitiviniculture situation. OIV Statistical report on world vitiviniculture. International Organization of Vine and Wine.
Otero N, Vitòria L, Soler A, Canals A (2005). Fertiliser characterisation: major, trace and rare earth elements. Applied Geochemistry 20, 1473–1488.
| Fertiliser characterisation: major, trace and rare earth elementsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Peralta-Videa JR, Lopez ML, Narayan M, Saupe G, Gardea-Torresdey J (2009). The biochemistry of environmental heavy metal uptake by plants: implications for the food chain. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 41, 1665–1677.
| The biochemistry of environmental heavy metal uptake by plants: implications for the food chainCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Portu J, Santamaría P, López R, Garde-Cerdán T (2017). Phenolic composition of Tempranillo grapes following foliar applications of phenylalanine and urea: a two-year study. Scientia Horticulturae 219, 191–199.
| Phenolic composition of Tempranillo grapes following foliar applications of phenylalanine and urea: a two-year studyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pottier M, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Yoshimoto K, Thomine E (2014). Autophagy as a possible mechanism for micronutrient remobilization from leaves to seeds. Frontiers in Plant Science 5, 1–8.
| Autophagy as a possible mechanism for micronutrient remobilization from leaves to seedsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rementeria A, Rodriguez JA, Cadaval A, Amenabar R, Muguruza JR, Hernando FL, Sevilla MJ (2003). Yeast associated with spontaneous fermentations of white wines from the ‘Txakoli de Bizkaia’ region (Basque Country, North Spain). International Journal of Food Microbiology 86, 201–207.
| Yeast associated with spontaneous fermentations of white wines from the ‘Txakoli de Bizkaia’ region (Basque Country, North Spain)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena A, Trebolazabala J, Martinez-Arkazo I, de Diego A, Madariaga JM (2015). Metals and metalloids in fruits of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and their cultivation soils in the Basque Country: concentrations and accumulation trends. Food Chemistry 173, 1083–1089.
| Metals and metalloids in fruits of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and their cultivation soils in the Basque Country: concentrations and accumulation trendsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rogiers SY, Greer DH, Hatfield JM, Orchard BA, Keller M (2006). Mineral sinks within ripening grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis 45, 115–123.
Scienza A, Failla O, Romano F (1986). Investigations on the variety-specific uptake of minerals by grapevines. Vitis 25, 160–168.
Singh A, Parihar P, Singh R, Prasad S (2016). An assessment to show toxic nature of beneficial trace metals: too much of good thing can be bad. International Journal of Current Multidisciplinary Studies 2, 141–144.
Spicer R (2014). Symplasmic networks in secondary vascular tissues: parenchyma distribution and activity supporting long-distance transport. Journal of Experimental Botany 65, 1829–1848.
| Symplasmic networks in secondary vascular tissues: parenchyma distribution and activity supporting long-distance transportCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sun X, Ma T, Yu J, Huang W, Fang Y, Zhan J (2018). Investigation of the copper contents in vineyard soil, grape must and wine and the relationship among them in the Huaizhuo Basin Region, China: a preliminary study. Food Chemistry 241, 40–50.
| Investigation of the copper contents in vineyard soil, grape must and wine and the relationship among them in the Huaizhuo Basin Region, China: a preliminary studyCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
USEPA (2007). ‘Method 3051A. Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils and oils.’ (Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C.)
Van Bel AJ (1990). Xylem–phloem exchange via the rays: the undervalued route of transport. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 631–644.
| Xylem–phloem exchange via the rays: the undervalued route of transportCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vitali Čepo D, Pelajic M, Vrcek IV, Krivohlavek A, Zuntar I, Karoglan M (2018). Differences in the levels of pesticides, metals, sulphites and ochratoxin A between organically and conventionally produced wines. Food Chemistry 246, 394–403.
| Differences in the levels of pesticides, metals, sulphites and ochratoxin A between organically and conventionally produced winesCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vystavna Y, Rätsep R, Klymenko N, Drozd O, Pidlisnyuk V, Klymenko M (2015). Comparison of soil-to-root transfer and translocation coefficients of trace elements in vines of Chardonnay and Muscat white grown in the same vineyard. Scientia Horticulturae 192, 89–96.
| Comparison of soil-to-root transfer and translocation coefficients of trace elements in vines of Chardonnay and Muscat white grown in the same vineyardCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Waters BM, Sankaran RP (2011). Moving micronutrients from the soil to the seeds: genes and physiological processes from a biofortification perspective. Plant Science 180, 562–574.
| Moving micronutrients from the soil to the seeds: genes and physiological processes from a biofortification perspectiveCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
White PJ (2012). Long-distance transport in the xylem and phloem. In ‘Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants’. (Ed. P Marschner) pp. 49–70. (Academic Press: San Diego, CA)
