Vermiculite as efficient sorbent of CeIII and CeIV
Zdeněk Klika A B D , Jana Seidlerová A , Ivan Kolomazník C and Marianna Hundáková A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 15/2172, CZ–708 33 Ostrava – Poruba, Czech Republic.
B Department of Chemistry, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 15/2172, CZ–708 33 Ostrava – Poruba, Czech Republic.
C Department of Mathematics, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 15/2172, CZ–708 33 Ostrava – Poruba, Czech Republic.
D Corresponding author. Email: zdenek.klika@vsb.cz
Environmental Chemistry 14(1) 39-47 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN16112
Submitted: 16 June 2016 Accepted: 7 August 2016 Published: 12 September 2016
Environmental context. Cerium, a Technology Critical Element with many technical, agricultural, and medicinal applications, is increasingly being discharged to the environment. One of the best ways to remove cerium from wastes is its fixation into inexpensive bulk material such as vermiculite. This paper investigates the mechanism of CeIII and CeIV uptake and capture by vermiculite in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions.
Abstract. This study focussed on the mechanism of CeIII and CeIV uptake on vermiculite (Ver), which has been studied sporadically. Chemical equilibrium and leaching experiments in acid solutions were evaluated using batch experiments and changes of mineral composition were monitored by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The concentrations of Ce, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al and Si were determined by atomic emission spectroscopy coupled with inductively coupled plasma (AES-ICP). The data for CeIII uptake on Ver in neutral aqueous solution were fitted both with adsorption and ion-exchange models. The latter, with a calculated selectivity constant 
= 14.30 (L mmol–1)k–1, showed a better fit with experimental data than adsorption models. The uptake of CeIII on Ver at pH 2 was also controlled by intensive leaching of cations from 2 : 1 layers and therefore these data were not fitted. A much higher uptake of CeIV on Ver (~6 mequiv. g–1, i.e. ~210 mg g–1) at pH 2 and 6 in comparison with the cation-exchange capacity of original vermiculite (1.28 mequiv. g–1) was found and explained. With regard to the different rate of CeIV species fixation on Ver, their different CeIV solubility in NaCl solution, aqueous acid solution (pH 2), and 3 M H2SO4, three species of CeIV bonded on vermiculite are proposed. They are ion-exchanged CeIV, CeIV–complex 1 and CeIV–complex 2. The CeIV species uptake on Ver was quantitatively determined both for pH 2 and 6. The new findings show a very effective method of cerium uptake, especially from acidic aqueous solutions.
Additional keywords: adsorption and desorption, ion exchange, leaching, mechanism of uptake.
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