Iron-catalysed oxidation and halogenation of organic matter in nature
Peter Comba A B D , Marion Kerscher A , Torsten Krause C and Heinz Friedrich Schöler C D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
B Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
C Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
D Corresponding authors. Email: peter.comba@aci.uni-heidelberg.de; heinfried.schoeler@geow.uni-heidelberg.de
Peter Comba obtained a diploma in chemistry and chemical education from ETH Zürich and Ph.D. from the Université de Neuchâtel. He had research positions at the Australian National University, Canberra, the Université de Lausanne and the Universität Basel, before taking up his present position as Professor of Chemistry at the Universität Heidelberg. He is interested in fundamental transition metal coordination chemistry, involving ligand design and synthesis, preparative coordination chemistry, spectroscopy as well as theoretical and computational inorganic chemistry, with projects in bioinorganic and medicinal inorganic chemistry, molecular magnetism and molecular catalysis. |
Marion Kerscher was awarded a Ph.D. degree from the University of Heidelberg in 2003. Subsequently, she got a permanent position as a scientist in the Inorganic Chemistry Department of the University of Heidelberg, where she is working in the field of coordination chemistry and focuses on synthesis and spectroscopy. |
Torsten Krause obtained a diploma in chemistry with a thesis on analytical and pharmaceutical applications of quantum dots from the University of Marburg. From the University of Heidelberg he obtained his Ph.D. degree for research on salt lake chemistry and volatile organic compounds emitting therefrom. Today, he works at the Max Rubner-Institute, the German Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food within the department for safety and quality of milk and fish in Kiel. |
Heinfried Schöler studied in Bonn and obtained the diploma in chemistry and Ph.D. from the University of Bonn. He had a research position at the Medical Department of the University of Bonn. After habilitation he became Professor of Environmental Hygiene at the University of Bonn and in 1992 Professor for Environmental Organic Geochemistry at the University of Heidelberg. He is especially interested in naturally produced organohalogens (trichloroacetic acid, chlorobenzoic acids, methyl halides, chlorethene, chloroethyne, trihalomethanes) and volatile organic carbon (carbon suboxide, furan, and furan derivatives) in soils, sediments, and fluid inclusions. |
Environmental Chemistry 12(4) 381-395 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14240
Submitted: 8 November 2014 Accepted: 2 March 2015 Published: 22 June 2015
Environmental context. Natural organohalogens produced in and released from soils are of utmost importance for ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Formation mechanisms of natural organohalogens are reviewed with particular attention to recent advances in biomimetic chemistry as well as in radical-based Fenton chemistry. Iron-catalysed oxidation in biotic and abiotic systems converts organic matter in nature to organohalogens.
Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic organic matter is continuously transformed by abiotic and biotic processes in the biosphere. These reactions include partial and complete oxidation (mineralisation) or reduction of organic matter, depending on the redox milieu. Products of these transformations are, among others, volatile substances with atmospheric relevance, e.g. CO2, alkanes and organohalogens. Natural organohalogens, produced in and released from soils and salt surfaces, are of utmost importance for stratospheric (e.g. CH3Cl, CH3Br for ozone depletion) and tropospheric (e.g. Br2, BrCl, Cl2, HOCl, HOBr, ClNO2, BrNO2 and BrONO2 for the bromine explosion in polar, marine and continental boundary layers, and I2, CH3I, CH2I2 for reactive iodine chemistry, leading to new particle formation) chemistry, and pose a hazard to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. halogenated carbonic acids such as trichloroacetic acid). Mechanisms for the formation of volatile hydrocarbons and oxygenated as well as halogenated derivatives are reviewed with particular attention paid to recent advances in the field of mechanistic studies of relevant enzymes and biomimetic chemistry as well as radical-based processes.
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