Relationship of arsenic speciation and bioavailability in mine wastes for human health risk assessment
Violet Diacomanolis A , Barry N. Noller B , Raijeli Taga A B , Hugh H. Harris C , Jade B. Aitken D and Jack C. Ng A E F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessel Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Qld 4018, Australia.
B The University of Queensland, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
C Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
D School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
E Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: j.ng@uq.edu.au
Environmental Chemistry 13(4) 641-655 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14152
Submitted: 14 January 2015 Accepted: 22 June 2015 Published: 18 December 2015
Environmental context. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was applied to give arsenic chemical forms directly in the solid phase of mine wastes from two mine sites, including fluvial dispersion. The arsenic speciation data explained the variation of in vitro bioaccessibility and in vivo bioavailability (rat uptake) data of the mine wastes. The As speciation from XANES fitting supported the hypothesis that when soil intake is adjusted for bioaccessibility, the potential health risk estimate to local residents is significantly lower.
Abstract. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used for arsenic speciation in mine processing and waste samples from two mines in northern Australia. XANES fitting of model compound spectra to samples was used, in combination with in vitro bioaccessibility data for the pure compounds, to predict bioaccessibility of each mine waste sample (Pearson’s correlation R2 = 0.756, n = 51). The XANES fitting data for a smaller set of the samples (n = 12) were compared with in vivo bioavailability and in vitro bioaccessibility data. The bioavailability of arsenic (As) in the mine wastes, which is dependent, at least in part, on its oxidation state, was found to be <14 % (0.9–13.5 %) for arsenite (AsIII) and <17 % (3.5–16.4) for arsenate (AsV). Arsenic bioaccessibility in the mine wastes ranged from 8–36 % in the stomach to 1–16 % in the intestinal phase, indicating that a small portion of the total As concentration in the mine waste was available for absorption. A significant correlation showed that bioaccessibility can be used as a predictor of bioavailability. The XANES results support that bioavailability and bioaccessibility results were very similar and show a strong association with the presence of ferric arsenate and As sulfides. It can be concluded that, when soil intake is adjusted for bioaccessibility, the potential health risk estimate to local residents exposed to the mine waste was significantly lower than that estimated based on a 100 % bioavailability often employed for the risk assessment.
Additional keywords: bioaccessibility, health investigation levels, tier-two risk assessment, XANES.
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