Characterisation of oil contaminated soils by comprehensive multiphase NMR spectroscopy
Hashim Farooq A , Denis Courtier-Murias B , Myrna J. Simspon A , Werner E. Maas C , Michael Fey C , Brian Andrew C , Jochem Struppe C , Howard Hutchins C , Sridevi Krishnamurthy C , Rajeev Kumar D , Martine Monette D , Henry J. Stronks C and André J. Simpson A E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
B Universite Paris-Est, LaboratoireNavier (UMR 8205 IFSTTAR-ENPC-CNRS), Physics of Porous Media group, 2 alleKepler, F-77420 Champs sur Marne, France.
C Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01821-3991, USA.
D Bruker Ltd. Canada, 555 Steeles Avenue East, Milton, ON, L9T 1Y6, Canada.
E Corresponding author. Email: andre.simpson@utoronto.ca
Environmental Chemistry 12(2) 227-235 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14129
Submitted: 12 July 2014 Accepted: 25 September 2014 Published: 18 March 2015
Environmental context. Novel technology is used to examine oil contaminated soil to better understand this longstanding problem. The data indicate that oil forms a non-discriminant layer over all the soil components, which in their natural state would be exposed to water, and that it retains certain polar compounds while contributing other oil contaminants to the surrounding porewater and groundwater. Such molecular level information helps to better understand the reoccurrence of hydrophobicity in remediated soil, and could lead to novel clean-up methods.
Abstract. Comprehensive multiphase (CMP) NMR spectroscopy is a novel NMR technology introduced in 2012. CMP NMR spectroscopy permits the analysis of solid, gel and liquid phases in unaltered natural samples. Here the technology is applied to control and oil contaminated soils to understand the molecular processes that give rise to non-wettable soils. 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy is found to be excellent for studying the bulk rigid components of the soils whereas 1H solution and gel-state NMR provide a complimentary overview to subtleties occurring at the soil–water interface. Considered holistically the NMR data support the finding that the oil forms a non-discriminant layer over all the soil components, which in the natural state, would be exposed to water. Specifically, the oil was found to preferentially coat aliphatics and carbohydrates that normally stick out at the soil–water interface. In addition, it was shown that the oil forms a barrier that keeps small polar molecules such as formic acid inside the soil. At the soil–water interface selective oil components, such as asphaltenes, were found to exhibit unrestricted diffusion, suggesting that these components could leach into surrounding groundwater.
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