Compound-specific bromine isotope compositions of one natural and six industrially synthesised organobromine substances
Daniel Carrizo A , Maria Unger A B , Henry Holmstrand A E , Per Andersson C , Örjan Gustafsson A , Sean P. Sylva D and Christopher M. Reddy D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
B Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
C Laboratory for Isotope Geology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
D Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: henry.holmstrand@itm.su.se
Environmental Chemistry 8(2) 127-132 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN10090
Submitted: 10 August 2010 Accepted: 17 December 2010 Published: 2 May 2011
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2011 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Environmental context. Brominated organic compounds of both natural and anthropogenic origin are commonly found in the environment. Bromine has two stable isotopes and the isotopic composition of brominated compounds may vary depending on production pathways and degradation processes. These variations are a result of isotope fractionation effects, when heavy isotopes react slower than lighter isotopes. We apply compound-specific bromine isotope analysis to industrial brominated organic compounds, and one naturally produced analogue, to test the feasibility of the technique to investigate the source and environmental fate of these compounds.
Abstract. The stable bromine isotopic composition (δ81Br) was determined for six industrially synthesised brominated organic compounds (BOCs) and one natural BOC by gas-chromatography multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-mcICP-MS). The δ81Br compositions of brominated benzenes, phenols (both natural and industrial), anisoles, and naphthalenes were constrained with the standard differential measurement approach using as reference a monobromobenzene sample with an independently determined δ81Br value (–0.39‰ v. Standard Mean Ocean Bromide, SMOB). The δ81Br values for the industrial BOCs ranged from –4.3 to –0.4‰. The average δ81Br value for the natural compound (2,4-dibromophenol) was 0.2 ± 1.6‰ (1 s.d.), and for the identical industrial compound (2,4-dibromophenol) –1.1 ± 0.9‰ (1 s.d.), with a statistically significant difference of ~1.4 (P < 0.05). The δ81Br of four out of six industrial compounds was found to be significantly different from that of the natural sample. These novel results establish the bromine isotopic variability among the industrially produced BOCs in relation to a natural sample.
Additional keywords: brominated organic compounds (BOCs), compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), gas-chromatography multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-mcICP-MS), pollutants.
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