Effects of anti-ethylene treatments on browning and energy metabolism of harvested litchi fruit
H. Qu A , X. Duan A , X. Su A , H. Liu A and Y. Jiang A BA South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Leyiju Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China.
B Corresponding author. Email: ymjiang@scbg.ac.cn
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46(8) 1085-1090 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA04238
Submitted: 11 November 2004 Accepted: 14 September 2005 Published: 5 July 2006
Abstract
Litchi fruit were treated with 10 mL/L ethylene (C2H4), 0.1% cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and 1 mL/L 1-methylcyclopropene, respectively, packed individually in closed but vented containers, and then stored at ambient temperature (28–33°C). The effects of these treatments on the browning, energy metabolism and disease incidence of the fruit were investigated. Treatment with C2H4 enhanced the activities of polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Ethylene also increased the accumulation of ADP and AMP, but decreased energy charge in fruit peel. Cobalt chloride treatment had an inhibitory effect on increases of peroxidase activity, ATP : ADP ratio, energy charge and ATP, ADP and AMP. Browning index was reduced by 8.4 and 10.4% and disease index was reduced by 10.7 and 12.7% in CoCl2 and 1-methylcyclopropene-treated fruit, respectively, suggesting a relationship between energy metabolism, browning and disease index.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of the International Foundation for Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden (Grant E/3260–1), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 30400026) and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant 30425040).
Blankenship SM, Dole JM
(2003) 1-Methylcyclopropene: a review. Postharvest Biology and Technology 28, 1–25.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bradford MV
(1976) A rapid and sensitive method using the principle of protein dye for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Bunsiri A,
Ketsa S, Paull RE
(2003) Phenolic metabolism and lignin synthesis in damaged pericarp of mangosteen fruit after impact. Postharvest Biology and Technology 29, 61–71.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chen F,
Li YB, Chen MD
(1986) The production of ethylene in litchi fruit during storage and its control. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 13, 152–156.
Corbineau F,
Gay-Mathieu C,
Vinel D, Come D
(2002) Decrease in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed viability caused by high temperature as related to energy metabolism, membrane damage and lipid composition. Physiologia Plantarum 116, 489–496.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dong L,
Lurie S, Zhou H
(2002) Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on ripening of ‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums. Postharvest Biology and Technology 24, 135–145.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Duan XW,
Jiang YM,
Su XG,
Liu H,
Li YB,
Zhang ZQ,
Zheng YH, Jiang WB
(2004) Role of pure oxygen treatment in browning of litchi fruit after harvest. Plant Science 167, 665–668.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jiang YM, Fu JR
(1999) Biological and physiological changes involved in browning of litchi fruit caused by water loss. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 74, 43–46.
Jiang YM,
Joyce DC, Terry LA
(2001) 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment effects on intact and fresh-cut apple. Postharvest Biology and Technology 77, 19–21.
Ju ZG,
Liu CL,
Yuan YB,
Dai HY,
Yan SP, Xu J
(1993) Regulation of phenolics synthesis and its effects on fruit quality of Laiyang Chili (pear). Scientific Agriculture Sinica 26, 44–48.
Ketsa S, Atantee S
(1998) Phenolics, lignin, peroxidase activity and increased firmness of damaged pericarp of mangosteen fruit after impact. Postharvest Biology and Technology 14, 117–124.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Knoester M,
Linthorst HJM,
Bol JF, Van Loon LC
(2001) Involvement of ethylene in lesion development and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco during the hypersensitive reaction to tobacco mosaic virus. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 59, 45–57.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kochba J,
Laree S, Spiegel-Roy P
(1977) Difference in peroxidase activity and isoenzymes in embryogenic and non-embryogenic ‘shamouti’ orange-ovular callus lines. Plant and Cell Physiology 18, 463–467.
Kumar GNM, Knowles NR
(1996) Oxidative stress results in increased sinks for metabolic energy during aging and sprouting of potato seed-tubers. Plant Physiology 112, 1301–1313.
| PubMed |
Lattanzio V
(2003) Bioactive polyphenols: their role in quality and storability of fruit and vegetables. Journal of Applied Botany 77, 128–146.
Lin ZF,
Li SS,
Zhang DL,
Lin GZ,
Li YB,
Liu SX, Chen MD
(1988) The changes of pigments, phenolics contents and activities of polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in pericarp of postharvest litchi fruit. Acta Botanica Sinica 30, 40–45.
Özogul F,
Taylor KDA,
Quantick PC, Özogul Y
(2000) A rapid HPLC-determination of ATP – related compounds and its application to herring stored under modified atmosphere. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 35, 549–554.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pang XQ,
Zhang ZQ,
Duan XW, Ji ZL
(2001) The effects of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene on pericarp browning of postharvest lychee fruit. Journal of South China Agriculture University 22, 11–14.
Pereira-Netto AB
(2001) Effect of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway on the multiplication of in vitro-grown Hancornia speciosa. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 66, 1–7.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Qu HX,
Sun GC,
Jiang YM, Zhu XR
(2001) Pathogenesis-related proteins in litchi after inoculation with Peronophythora litchii. Acta Horticulturae 558, 439–442.
Rawyler A,
Pavelic D,
Gianinazzi C,
Oberson J, Braendle R
(1999) Membrane lipid integrity relies on a threshold of ATP production rate in potato cell cultures submitted to anoxia. Plant Physiology 120, 293–300.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Rogiers SY,
Kumar GNM, Knowles NR
(1998) Regulation of ethylene production and ripening by saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) fruit. Canadian Journal of Botany 76, 1743–1754.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rupasinghe HPV,
Murr DP,
Paliyath G, Skog L
(2000) Inhibitory effect of 1-MCP on ripening and superficial scald development in ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Delicious’ apples. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 75, 271–276.
Saquet AA,
Streif J, Bangerth F
(2000) Changes in ATP, ADP and pyridine nucleotide levels related to the incidence of physiological disorders in ‘Conference’ pears and ‘Jonagold’ apples during controlled atmosphere storage. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 75, 243–249.
Saquet AA,
Streif J, Bangerth F
(2003) Energy metabolism and membrane lipid alterations in relation to brown heart development in ‘Coference’ pears during delayed controlled atmosphere storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 30, 123–132.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Selvarajah S,
Bauchot AD, John P
(2001) Internal browning in cold-stored pineapple is supppressed by a postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene. Postharvest Biology and Technology 23, 167–170.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sisler EC, Serek M
(1997) Inhibition of ethylene response in plants at the receptor level, recent developments. Physiologia Plantarum 100, 577–582.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stange RR, McDonald RE
(1999) A simple and rapid method for determination of lignin in plant tissues – its usefulness in elicitor screening and comparison to the thioglycolic acid method. Postharvest Biology and Technology 15, 185–193.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tan XJ, Li YB
(1984) The partial purification and properties of polyphenol oxidase from the pericarp of litchi (Litchi chinensis). Acta Phytophysiology Sinica 10, 339–345.
Underhill SJR, Critchley C
(1995) Cellular localisation of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity in Litchi chinensis Sonn. pericarp. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, 627–632.
Uritani I
(1999) Biochemistry on postharvest metabolism and deterioration of some tropical tuberous crops. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 40, 177–183.
Veltman RH,
Lenthéric I,
Van der Plas LHW, Peppelenbos HW
(2003) Internal browning in pear fruit (Pyrus communis L. cv Conference) may be a result of a limited availability of energy and antioxidants. Postharvest Biology and Technology 28, 295–302.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang DL,
Chen F,
Liu SX,
Li YB,
Jiang YM,
Guo JY,
Quantick PC, Warren PL
(1997) Effects of Pro-long coating on changes in colour and enzyme activity of postharvest litchi fruit. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 5, 54–60.
