Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > AN > EA02078
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 44(9)

Excess cation concentrations in shoots and roots of pasture species of importance in south-eastern Australia

J. Braschkat A and P. J. Randall A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2602, Australia.

B Corresponding author. Email: peter.randall@csiro.au

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44(9) 883-892 https://doi.org/10.1071/EA02078
Submitted: 26 April 2002  Accepted: 7 November 2003   Published: 22 October 2004

Abstract

Excess cation concentrations (total cations – total inorganic anions) are reported for roots and shoots of 16 plant species of importance in pastures in south-eastern Australia. This information is required for the calculation of acidification in grazed pasture systems. The excess cation concentrations for shoots at flowering were [cmol(+)/kg]: perennial grasses — Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) 50, Phalaris aquatic (phalaris) 51, Danthonia richardsonii (wallaby grass) 30, Dactylus glomerata (cocksfoot) 62, Holcus lanatus (Fog grass) 60; annual grasses — Lolium rigidum 29, Vulpia bromoides (vulpia) 40, Hordeum leporinum (barley grass) 46, Bromus mollis (soft brome) 59; perennial legumes — Medicago sativa (lucerne) 115, Trifolium repens (white clover) 147; annual legumes — Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) 142, Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) 114, Ornithopus sativus (serradella) 137; weeds — Arctotheca calendula (cape weed) 165, Echium plantagineum (Paterson’s curse) 169. Values for roots were in the same order as shoots in vulpia and wallaby grass but lower for the other species, varying between 26 and 62% of the shoot value in grasses and 29 and 49% in legumes. For a subset of 4 legumes and 3 grasses, the excess cation concentrations in shoots were measured over the main production period in spring. Excess cation concentrations generally declined during the season, with the change being relatively larger in grasses than legumes.


Acknowledgments

The authors thank J. Graham, W. B. Smith and P. A. Wallace for technical assistance. The generous support for the work on soil acidification by the Vincent Fairfax Family Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.


References


Anderson GC, Fillery IRP, Dunin FX, Dolling PJ, Asseng S (1998) Nitrogen and water flows under pasture–wheat and lupin–wheat rotations in deep sands in Western Australia. 2. Drainage and nitrate leaching. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 345–361.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Barekzai A, Mengel K (1993) Effect of microbial decomposition of mature leaves on soil pH. Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenernaehrung und Bodenkunde 156, 93–94.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Bolan NS, Hedley MJ, White RE (1991) Processes of soil acidification during nitrogen cycling with emphasis on legume pastures. Plant and Soil 134, 53–63.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Braschkat J, Moore AD, Simpson R, Randall PJ (2001) Modelling soil acidification under pastures — the GRAZPLAN soil acidity model. In ‘Plant nutrition — food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems’. (Eds WJ Horst et al.) pp. 898–899. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht)

Bromfield SM, Cumming RW, David JD, Williams CH (1983) Change in soil pH, manganese and aluminium under subterranean clover pasture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 23, 181–191.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Cary EE, Grunes DL, Bohman VR, Sanchirico CA (1986) Titanium determination for correction of plant sample contamination by soil. Agronomy Journal 78, 933–936. open url image1

Cataldo DA, Haroon M, Schrader LE, Youngs VL (1975) Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 6, 71–80.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Heffernan B (1985) ‘Handbook of methods of inorganic chemical analysis for forest soils, foliage and water.’ (CSIRO Division of Forest Research: Canberra)

Helyar KR (1991) The management of acid soils. In ‘Plant–soil interactions at low pH’. (Eds RJ Wright, VC Baligar, RP Murrmann) pp. 365–382. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht)

Helyar KR, Porter WM (1989) Soil acidification, its measurement and the processes involved. In ‘Soil acidity and plant growth’. (Ed. AD Robson) pp. 61–102. (Academic Press: Sydney, NSW)

Helyar KR, Hochman Z, Brennan JP (1988) The problem of acidity in temperate area soils and its management. In ‘National soils conference 1988. Review papers’. (Ed. J Loveday) pp. 22–54. (Australian Society of Soil Science: Canberra).

Helyar KR, Cregan PD, Godyn DL (1990) Soil acidity in New South Wales — current pH values and estimates of acidification rates. Australian Journal of Soil Research 28, 523–537.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Isbell RF (1996) ‘The Australian soil classification.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)

Jarvis SC, Robson AD (1983) The effects of nitrogen nutrition of plants on the development of acidity in Western Australian soils. I. Effects with subterranean clover grown under leaching conditions of differences in cation–anion balance between plant species grown under non-leaching conditions. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 341–353.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Jarvis SC, Robson AD (1983) The effects of nitrogen nutrition of plants on the development of acidity in Western Australian soils. II. Effects of differences in cation–anion balance between plant species grown under non-leaching conditions. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 354–365. open url image1

Kennedy IR (1992) ‘Acid soils and acid rain.’ 2nd edn. (Research Studies Press: Taunton)

McLaughlin MJ, Baker TG, James TR, Rundle JA (1990) Distribution and forms of phosphorus and aluminium in acidic topsoils under pastures in south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research 28, 371–385.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Mengel K (1994) Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation — its dependence on plant nutrition and its ecophysiological impact. Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenernaehrung und Bodenkunde 157, 233–241.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Norrish K, Hutton JT (1977) Plant analysis by X-ray spectrometry (1). Low atomic number elements, sodium to calcium. X-Ray Spectrometry 6, 6–11.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Pierre WH, Banwart WL (1973) Excess-base and excess-base/nitrogen ratio of various crop species and parts of plants. Agronomy Journal 65, 91–96. open url image1

Pinkerton A, Randall PJ (1994) The internal phosphorus requirements of six pasture legumes and two grasses. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, 373–379.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Pinkerton A, Randall PJ, Norrish K (1989) Estimation of sulfate and amino acid sulfur in plant material by X-ray spectrometry. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 20, 1557–1574.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Ridley AM, Slattery WJ, Helyar KR, Cowling A (1990) The importance of the carbon cycle to acidification of a grazed annual pasture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, 529–537.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Ridley AM, Slattery WJ, Helyar KR, Cowling A (1990) Acidification under grazed annual and perennial grass based pastures. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, 539–544.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Santonoceto C, Hocking PJ, Braschkat J, Randall PJ (2002) Mineral nutrient uptake and removal by canola, Indian mustard and Linola in two contrasting environments, and implications for carbon cycle effects on soil acidification. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, 459–470.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Slattery WJ, Ridley AM, Windsor SM (1991) Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, 321–324.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Tang C, McLay CDA, Barton L (1997) A comparison of proton excretion of twelve pasture legumes grown in nutrient solution. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, 563–570.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Tang C, Barton L, Raphael C (1998) Pasture legume species differ in their capacity to acidify soil. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 53–58.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Tang C, Fang RC, Raphael C (1998) Factors affecting soil acidification under legumes. II. Effect of phosphorus supply. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 657–664.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Tang C, Unkovich MJ, Bowden JW (1999) Factors affecting soil acidification under legumes. III. Acid production by N2-fixing legumes as influenced by nitrate supply. The New Phytologist 143, 513–521.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Verburg K, Braschkat J, Hochman Z, Moore AD, Helyar KR, Probert ME, Hargreaves JNG, Simpson RJ (2003) Modelling acidification processes in agricultural systems. In ‘Handbook of soil acidity’. (Ed. Z Rengel) pp. 135–187. (Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York)

Yan F, Schubert S, Mengel K (1996) Soil pH increase due to biological decarboxylation of organic anions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28, 617–624.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Yan F, Schubert S, Mengel K (1996) Soil pH changes during legume growth and application of plant material. Biology and Fertility of Soils 23, 236–242.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1