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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 74(12)

Frequency of herbicide resistance in wild oats (Avena spp.), brome grass (Bromus spp.) and barley grass (Hordeum spp.) as determined by random surveys across south-eastern Australia

John C. Broster https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-9581 A * , Peter Boutsalis B , Gurjeet S. Gill B and Christopher Preston https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-124X B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Gulbali Institute for Agriculture Water Environment, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.

B School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.

* Correspondence to: jbroster@csu.edu.au

Handling Editor: Roger Armstrong

Crop & Pasture Science 74(12) 1193-1200 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22386
Submitted: 28 November 2022  Accepted: 3 May 2023  Published: 23 May 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

Wild oats (Avena spp.), brome grass (Bromus spp.) and barley grass (Hordeum spp.) are significant grass weeds of crop production in south-eastern Australia. The presence of herbicide resistance in these weed species is a major limiting factor on both productivity and profitability.

Aims

We aimed to determine the distribution of herbicide resistance in these weed species across south-eastern Australia.

Methods

Several surveys were conducted in randomly selected fields across four states in south-eastern Australia over a 5-year period, collecting 663 wild oats, 366 brome grass and 262 barley grass samples that were screened for resistance with up to five different herbicide groups or subgroups.

Key results

In wild oats, resistance was most common to clodinafop-propargyl (‘fop’ ACCase inhibitor), with 22% of samples resistant and resistance detected in all regions except Tasmania. Resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides (ALS inhibitors) was less common with 7% of samples resistant, but regionally more variable. For both brome grass and barley grass, a greater proportion of samples was resistant to the sulfonylurea mesosulfuron-methyl, at 24% and 19%, respectively, than to quizalofop-ethyl (‘fop’ ACCase inhibitor).

Conclusions

Resistance was recorded in all three species, with differences in the extent of resistance among herbicide groups and regions. Overall, a higher than average frequency of wild oats resistance to clodinafop-propargyl was found in regions of New South Wales and of brome grass and barley grass resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl in regions of South Australia. However, for all species some herbicides were still effective on all samples.

Implications

The presence of significant herbicide resistance in these weed species indicates that management decisions need to include consideration of resistance to enable successful control measures.

Keywords: ACCase-inhibiting herbicide, ALS-inhibiting herbicide, barley grass, brome grass, clodinafop-propargyl, glyphosate, pre-emergent herbicide, wild oats.

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