Genetic monitoring of Indian rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars over decadal periods employing gene-specific markers and yield component traits
Kunuthuru Maneesha A # , Mondem Bhargavi A # , Darsha Manjula Withanawasam A , Penumalli Shanthi A , Madhavilatha Kommana A , Keerthi Issa B , Lavanya Kumari Padherla C , Roja Veeraghattapu D , Md Aminul Islam E , Bhaben Tanti
F , Sudhakar Palagiri G and Lakshminarayana Reddy Vemireddy A B *
A Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
B Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
C Department of Statistics and Computer Applications, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
D Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Bapatla 522101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
E Department of Botany, Majuli College, Kamalabari, Majuli, Assam, India.
F Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India.
G Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Handling Editor: Rajeev Varshney
Crop & Pasture Science 74(5) 393-404 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22240
Submitted: 27 April 2022 Accepted: 28 November 2022 Published: 6 January 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Regular genetic monitoring of rice diversity provides informed direction for plant breeders when selecting parents in breeding programs.
Aims: The investigation was conducted to assess the trends of decade-wise genetic diversity in popular Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes.
Methods: We screened 62 genotypes including popular rice varieties released from the 1970s to 2010s in India along with landraces, using gene-specific markers and some of the key yield and yield-contributing traits.
Key results: Using gene-specific markers, genetic diversity has shown a downward trend from landraces to the 2010s. Qualitative analysis revealed that more alleles were present in landraces than released varieties. The disappearance of alleles was prominently observed in varieties released in the 1970s and even more so in the 2010s, which suggests that present-day cultivars are losing several valuable alleles of the key yield genes. Genetic diversity assessed using phenotypic data also exhibited a downward trend towards the 2010s. Molecular and phenotypic data on genetic diversity were used to group the rice genotypes, revealing that genotypes with common parents grouped together.
Conclusions: Genetic diversity has shown a downward trend from landraces to the 2010s, as assessed using both gene-specific markers and phenotypic data, although with slight deviations among various decades.
Implications: This study reinforces the fact that assessment of temporal trends in genetic diversity at regular intervals is warranted to meet future food demands while conserving on-farm crop diversity.
Keywords: disappearence of alleles, gene-specific markers, genetic diversity, genetic monitoring, Indian rice cultivars, rice, temporal trends, yield traits.
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