Forage crops: a repository of functional trait diversity for current and future climate adaptation
Indu I A , Brijesh Kumar Mehta A , P. Shashikumara A , Gaurendra Gupta A , Nilamani Dikshit A , Subhash Chand A , Praveen Kumar Yadav A , Shahid Ahmed A and Rajesh Kumar Singhal
A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Crop & Pasture Science 74(11) 961-977 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22200
Submitted: 10 June 2022 Accepted: 11 August 2022 Published: 14 September 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Climate change and global warming are the foremost anthropogenically accelerated catastrophes that are already causing world-wide challenges, but threaten to thwart global food, environmental and nutritional security in the future. Climate change affects ecosystem services and interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. The most drastic consequences have been observed in the agricultural and livestock sector, with diminished production and productivity potential. Agriculture and allied sectors contribute markedly to the production of greenhouse gases; however, integrated management practices can be used to curtail greenhouse gas emissions and its adverse impacts. Forage crops and their wild relatives maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services and minimise the drastic effects of climate change. Forage crops adapted to harsh environments have certain unique features such as perenniality, deep root system, high resource-use efficiency (light, nutrients and water), and low production of methane and N2O, making them suitable for future use under climate change. This review highlights the prominent features of various cultivated and rangeland forage crops that may be crucial to understanding impacts of climate change. We discuss the wild relatives of forage crops, which are often adapted for multiple stresses, and highlight their mechanisms for adaptation under climate change. We consider the advanced breeding and biotechnological tools useful for developing climate-smart forage crops. This review provides novel insight into forage crops and their wild relatives in terms of their exploitation in future stress breeding programmes and paths for developing climate-resilient crops.
Keywords: animal production, climate change, crop wild relatives, forage breeding, global warming, greenhouse gases, perennial crops, resource use efficiency.
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