Beneficial invertebrates of dairy pastures in south-eastern Australia
Evatt Chirgwin
A * , Stuart Kemp B , James L. Maino A , Marielle Babineau A , Isobel Roberts A , Alana Govender A and Paul A. Umina A C *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Cesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick, Vic. 3056, Australia.
B PastureWise, 1485 Bamganie Road, Cargerie, Vic. 3334, Australia.
C School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
* Correspondence to: echirgwin@cesaraustralia.com, pumina@unimelb.edu.au
Handling Editor: Kevin Reed
Crop & Pasture Science 73(6) 716-731 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21652
Submitted: 3 September 2021 Accepted: 8 December 2021 Published: 13 May 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: The Australian dairy industry largely relies on grass-based pastures to feed cattle, yet these pastures also host dynamic invertebrate communities that can damage or benefit pasture productivity. While Australian dairy managers have traditionally focused on invertebrates that damage pastures (i.e. pests), invertebrates that provide valuable ecosystem services by acting as natural enemies to pests or delivering other beneficial functions (e.g. nutrient cycling) have received less attention.
Aim: Surveying the natural enemies and other beneficial invertebrate communities in pastures across seven Australian dairy regions and to explore how environmental and farm management factors impact these.
Method: Fifty seven pastures samples were collected during spring and autumn over two years. In doing so, we identified and counted 2 661 315 invertebrates or invertebrate colonies.
Key results: We found natural enemies and other beneficial invertebrate communities have a similar taxonomic composition across regions, with a small number of taxa dominating all regions, and rainfall the most consistent environmental driver in the abundance of these dominant taxa.
Conclusions: Farm management strategies to maintain or promote existing communities of beneficial taxa will likely be similar across regions. Associations between invertebrate communities suggest pest communities may indirectly impact the abundance and/or diversity of natural enemies and other beneficial invertebrates.
Implications: Although still an early step, our findings provide important baseline information that can be used to provide dairy managers with strategies to promote communities of beneficial invertebrates, and consequently maximise the benefits these invertebrates provide.
Keywords: araneae, community ecology, dairy pastures, distribution, diversity, earthworms, insects, invertebrates, natural enemies, seasonality, survey.
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