Harvest weed seed control: impact on weed management in Australian grain production systems and potential role in global cropping systems
Michael J. Walsh
A * and Stephen B. Powles B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia.
B Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Michael Walsh is an Associate Professor and Director Weed Research at the University of Sydney. For 25 years he has worked on the research and development of alternative weed control technologies aimed at reducing the impact of herbicide resistance on Australian grain cropping systems. Much of his work has been focused on the introduction and use of harvest weed seed control systems to mitigate the impact of resistant weed populations on grain production. Recently he and the team at University of Sydney have commenced research on weed recognition technologies and opportunities for precision weed control in cropping systems. He believes that recent technological advances are creating exciting opportunities for the introduction of new weed control techniques. |
Stephen Powles is Emeritus Professor at the University of Western Australia, following his retirement as long-term Director of the Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative. He is widely recognised as a global expert in herbicides, herbicide resistance and weed control technologies, with over 300 publications in international journals. Powles is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technology & Engineering. He is the recipient of the GRDC Seed of Light Award (2010) and in 2021 the coveted GRDC Seed of Gold Award. In addition to R & D in agricultural technology he stays grounded with a 340 hectare cropping farm devoted to wheat, canola and legume production. |
Crop & Pasture Science 73(4) 313-324 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21647
Submitted: 1 September 2021 Accepted: 11 January 2022 Published: 23 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
The introduction of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) techniques and associated machinery has enabled the routine use of an alternative weed control technology at a novel weed control timing in global grain cropping fields. Driven by the significant threat of widespread populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) with multiple-herbicide resistance, in the 1990s Australian growers and researchers developed techniques to target, at grain harvest, the seed production of annual ryegrass and other important weed species. The HWSC approach to weed management is now routinely used by a majority of Australian grain producers as an integral component of effective weed control programs. Here we detail the development and introduction of current HWSC systems and describe their efficacy in Australian grain production systems. The use of HWSC has likely contributed to lower annual ryegrass population densities and thus mitigated the impacts of herbicide resistance as well as slowing further evolution of resistance. In addition, low weed densities enable the introduction of site-specific weed control technologies and the opportunity to target specific in-crop weeds with non-selective alternative weed control techniques. With an awareness of the evolutionary potential of weed species to adapt to all forms of weed control, there is an understanding that HWSC treatments need to be judiciously used in grain cropping systems to ensure their ongoing efficacy. The successful use of Australian developed HWSC systems has attracted global interest and there is now a considerable international research effort aimed at introducing this alternative weed control approach and timing into the world’s major cropping systems.
Keywords: bale direct system, chaff cart, chaff lining, chaff tramlining, herbicide resistance, HWSC, impact mill, narrow windrow burning, weed seed retention.
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