Selenium uptake by rocket plants (Eruca sativa) grown in a calcareous soil as affected by Se species, Se rate and a seaweed extract-based biostimulant application
Ioannis Zafeiriou A , Dionisios Gasparatos A , Dafni Ioannou A and Ioannis Massas
A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratory of Soils and Agricultural Chemistry, School of Environment and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21529
Submitted: 9 July 2021 Accepted: 30 September 2021 Published online: 31 January 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
To investigate the potentiality of Eruca sativa (rocket) to be enriched in selenium (Se) and, thus, to promote human health through consumption, a pot experiment was designed. Two rates, 5 and 10 mg/kg soil, of either selenite or selenate sodium salts were applied to appropriate pots, each filled with 1 kg of calcareous soil. Rocket seedlings were transplanted and grown in these pots, and to half of the pots the biostimulant Actiwave was added. Twelve weeks later, the plants were harvested and Se concentrations determined in shoots and roots. Plant growth characteristics were measured and plants biometrics were assessed by soil plant analyses development (SPAD), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalised difference red edge (NDRE). Sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in plant samples were also determined to discuss possible interactions among the three elements. The highest Se concentration of 1070.5 mg/kg dry weight (DW) was observed for the high selenate rate without biostimulant, placing rocket in the group of Se hyperaccumulator plants. Toxic effects were recorded for the plants that received the high selenate rate, whereas no toxicity symptoms were observed for either selenite rate. According to Se concentrations in controls, biostimulant application significantly suppressed Se uptake and significantly increased S and P uptake. The same negative biostimulant effect on Se concentration in plants was clear in selenate treatments. When the results were expressed as total uptake (mg/pot), positive correlations among Se, S and P were found for selenate treatments, whereas for selenite treatments, the opposite was observed. Impressively, 1.6 mg Se/pot on a DW basis was accumulated in rocket shoots in the low selenate-rate without biostimulant treatment, corresponding to approximately 30% of the added 5 mg of selenate.
Keywords: biofortification, biostimulant, calcareous soil, Eruca sativa, NDVI, selenate, selenite, SPAD.
References
Bouyoucos GJ (1951) A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal 43, 434–438.| A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bullock LA, Parnell J (2017) Selenium and molybdenum enrichment in uranium roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado, USA. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 180, 101–112.
| Selenium and molybdenum enrichment in uranium roll-front deposits of Wyoming and Colorado, USA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Calvo P, Nelson L, Kloepper JW (2014) Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil 383, 3–41.
| Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cappa JJ, Pilon-Smits EAH (2014) Evolutionary aspects of elemental hyperaccumulation. Planta 239, 267–275.
| Evolutionary aspects of elemental hyperaccumulation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24463931PubMed |
Dall’Acqua S, Ertani A, Pilon-Smits EAH, Fabrega-Prats M, Schiavon M (2019) Selenium biofortification differentially affects sulfur metabolism and accumulation of phytochemicals in two rocket species (Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis Tenuifolia) grown in hydroponics. Plants 8, 68.
| Selenium biofortification differentially affects sulfur metabolism and accumulation of phytochemicals in two rocket species (Eruca sativa Mill. and Diplotaxis Tenuifolia) grown in hydroponics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dhillon SK, Hundal BK, Dhillon KS (2007) Bioavailability of selenium to forage crops in a sandy loam soil amended with Se-rich plant materials. Chemosphere 66, 1734–1743.
| Bioavailability of selenium to forage crops in a sandy loam soil amended with Se-rich plant materials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16919705PubMed |
Drobek M, Frąc M, Cybulska J (2019) Plant biostimulants: importance of the quality and yield of horticultural crops and the improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress: a review. Agronomy 9, 335
| Plant biostimulants: importance of the quality and yield of horticultural crops and the improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Duc M, Lefèvre G, Féderoff M (2006) Sorption of selenite ions on hematite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 298, 556–563.
| Sorption of selenite ions on hematite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16483595PubMed |
Etteieb S, Magdouli S, Zolfaghari M, Brar SK (2020) Monitoring and analysis of selenium as an emerging contaminant in mining industry: a critical review. Science of The Total Environment 698, 134339
| Monitoring and analysis of selenium as an emerging contaminant in mining industry: a critical review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fessler AJ, Moller G, Talcott P, Exon J (2003) Selenium toxicity in sheep grazing reclaimed phosphate mining sites. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 45, 294–298.
Goldberg S, Glaubig RA (1988) Anion sorption on a calcareous, montmorillonitic soil-selenium. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52, 954–958.
| Anion sorption on a calcareous, montmorillonitic soil-selenium.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
González-Morales S, Pérez-Labrada F, García-Enciso EL, Leija-Martínez P, Medrano-Macías J, Dávila-Rangel IE, Juárez-Maldonado A, Rivas-Martínez EN, Benavides-Mendoza A (2017) Selenium and sulfur to produce allium functional crops. Molecules 22, 558
| Selenium and sulfur to produce allium functional crops.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gupta M, Gupta S (2017) An overview of selenium uptake, metabolism, and toxicity in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, 2074
| An overview of selenium uptake, metabolism, and toxicity in plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28123395PubMed |
Hagarová I, Žemberyová M, Bajčan D (2005) Sequential and single step extraction procedures used for fractionation of selenium in soil samples. Chemical Papers 59, 93–98.
Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Raza A, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Matraszek-Gawron R, Nahar K, Fujita M (2020) Selenium toxicity in plants and environment: biogeochemistry and remediation possibilities. Plants 9, 1711
| Selenium toxicity in plants and environment: biogeochemistry and remediation possibilities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hawrylak-Nowak B (2013) Comparative effects of selenite and selenate on growth and selenium accumulation in lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions. Plant Growth Regulation 70, 149–157.
| Comparative effects of selenite and selenate on growth and selenium accumulation in lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hayes KF, Roe AL, Brown GE, Hodgson KO, Leckie JO, Parks GA (1987) In situ X-ray absorption study of surface complexes: selenium oxyanions ona-FeOOH. Science 238, 783–786.
| In situ X-ray absorption study of surface complexes: selenium oxyanions ona-FeOOH.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17814706PubMed |
Hossain A, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Maitra S, Sarkar S, Ahmad Z, Vemuri H, Garai S, Mondal M, Bhatt R, Kumar P, Banerjee P, Saha S, Islam T, Laing AM (2021) Selenium biofortification: roles, mechanisms, responses and prospects. Molecules 26, 881
| Selenium biofortification: roles, mechanisms, responses and prospects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 33562416PubMed |
Jenkins K, Hidiroglou M (1972) A review of selenium/vitamin E responsive problems in livestock: a case for selenium as a feed additive in Canada. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 52, 591–620.
| A review of selenium/vitamin E responsive problems in livestock: a case for selenium as a feed additive in Canada.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jones Jr JB, Case VW (1990) Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples. In ‘Soil testing and plant analysis’. (Ed. RL Westerman) pp. 389–427. (SSSA, Inc.: Madison, WI, USA)
Karapouloutidou S, Gasparatos D (2019) Effects of biostimulant and organic amendment on soil properties and nutrient status of Lactuca sativa in a calcareous saline-sodic soil. Agriculture 9, 164
| Effects of biostimulant and organic amendment on soil properties and nutrient status of Lactuca sativa in a calcareous saline-sodic soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Li HF, McGrath SP, Zhao FJ (2008) Selenium uptake, translocation and speciation in wheat supplied with selenate or selenite. New Phytologist 178, 92–102.
| Selenium uptake, translocation and speciation in wheat supplied with selenate or selenite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lima LW, Pilon-Smits EAH, Schiavon M (2018) Mechanisms of selenium hyperaccumulation in plants: a survey of molecular, biochemical and ecological cues. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1862, 2343–2353.
| Mechanisms of selenium hyperaccumulation in plants: a survey of molecular, biochemical and ecological cues.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liu XW, Duan BH, Xia QJ, Jiao W, Guo ZH, Hu CX, Zhao ZQ (2014) Effects of sulfur on transformation of selenium in soil and uptake of selenium in rape. Huan Jing Ke Xue 35, 3564–3571.
Liu X, Zhao Z, Hu C, Zhao X, Guo Z (2016) Effect of sulphate on selenium uptake and translocation in rape (Brassica napus L.) supplied with selenate or selenite. Plant and Soil 399, 295–304.
| Effect of sulphate on selenium uptake and translocation in rape (Brassica napus L.) supplied with selenate or selenite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Loeppert RH, Suarez DL (1982) Carbonate and gypsum. In ‘Methods of soil analysis, part 3, chemical methods’. (Eds D Sparks, A Page, P Helmke, R Loeppert, PN Soltanpour, MA Tabatabai, CT Johnston, ME Sumner) pp. 437–474. (ASA-SSSA: Madison, WI, USA)
Longchamp M, Angeli N, Castrec-Rouelle M (2012) Selenium uptake in Zea mays supplied with selenate or selenite under hydroponic conditions. Plant and Soil 362, 107–117.
| Selenium uptake in Zea mays supplied with selenate or selenite under hydroponic conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mehra OP, Jackson ML (2013) Iron oxide removal from soils and clay by a dithionite–citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clays and Clay Minerals 7, 317–327.
| Iron oxide removal from soils and clay by a dithionite–citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Natasha Natasha (2018) A critical review of selenium biogeochemical behavior in soil–plant system with an inference to human health. Environmental Pollution 234, 915–934.
| A critical review of selenium biogeochemical behavior in soil–plant system with an inference to human health.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29253832PubMed |
Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In ‘Methods of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties’. (Eds D Sparks, A Page, P Helmke, R Loeppert, PN Soltanpour, MA Tabatabai, CT Johnston, ME Sumner) pp. 961–1010. (ASA-SSSA: Madison, WI, USA)
NF ISO 10693 (1995) ‘Détermination de la Teneuren Carbonate: Méthode Volumétrique.’ pp. 177–186. (Qualité des Sols AFNOR: Paris, France)
Nguy-Robertson AL, Peng Y, Gitelson AA, Arkebauer TJ, Pimstein A, Herrmann I, Karnieli A, Rundquist DC, Bonfil DJ (2014) Estimating green LAI in four crops: potential of determining optimal spectral bands for a universal algorithm. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 192-193, 140–148.
| Estimating green LAI in four crops: potential of determining optimal spectral bands for a universal algorithm.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA (1954) ‘Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate’, Vol. 939, pp. 1–19. (US Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA)
Parađiković N, Teklić T, Zeljković S, Lisjak M, Špoljarević M (2019) Biostimulants research in some horticultural plant species: a review. Food and Energy Security 8, e00162
| Biostimulants research in some horticultural plant species: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pilon-Smits EAH (2019) On the ecology of selenium accumulation in plants. Plants 8, 197
| On the ecology of selenium accumulation in plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Presser TS (1994) The geologic origin and pathways of mobility of selenium from the California Coast Ranges to the west-central San Joaquin valley. In ‘Publication of an organization other than the U.S. geological survey’. (Eds WT Frankenberger, S Benson) pp. 139–156. (Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, USA)
Ramkissoon C, Degryse F, Young S, Bailey EH, McLaughlin MJ (2021) Effect of soil properties on time-dependent fixation (ageing) of selenate. Geoderma 383, 114741
| Effect of soil properties on time-dependent fixation (ageing) of selenate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ramos SJ, Faquin V, Guilherme LRG, Castro EM, Ávila FW, Carvalho GS, Bastos CEA, Oliveira C (2010) Selenium biofortification and antioxidant activity in lettuce plants fed with selenate and selenite. Plant, Soil and Environment 56, 584–588.
| Selenium biofortification and antioxidant activity in lettuce plants fed with selenate and selenite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ros GH, Rotterdam AMD, Bussink DW, Bindraban PS (2016) Selenium fertilization strategies for bio-fortification of food: an agro-ecosystem approach. Plant and Soil 404, 99–112.
| Selenium fertilization strategies for bio-fortification of food: an agro-ecosystem approach.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sarwar N, Akhtar M, Karman MA, Imran M, Riaz MA, Kamran K, Hussain S (2020) Selenium biofortification in food crops: key mechanisms and future perspectives. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 93, 103615
| Selenium biofortification in food crops: key mechanisms and future perspectives.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schiavon M, Pilon-Smits EAH (2016) Selenium biofortification and phytoremediation phytotechnologies: a review. Jounral of Environmental Quality 1, 10–19.
| Selenium biofortification and phytoremediation phytotechnologies: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schiavon M, Nardi S, dalla Vecchia F, Ertani A (2020) Selenium biofortification in the 21st century: status and challenges for healthy human nutrition. Plant and Soil 453, 245–270.
| Selenium biofortification in the 21st century: status and challenges for healthy human nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schwertmann U, Taylor RM (1989) Iron oxides. In ‘Minerals in soil environments’. 2nd edn. (Eds JB Dixon, SB Weed) pp. 379–438. (ASA-SSSA: Madison, WI, USA)
Sharma HSS, Fleming C, Selby C, Rao JR, Martin T (2014) Plant biostimulants: a review on the processing of macroalgae and use of extracts for crop management to reduce abiotic and biotic stresses. Journal of Applied Phycology 26, 465–490.
| Plant biostimulants: a review on the processing of macroalgae and use of extracts for crop management to reduce abiotic and biotic stresses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Spinelli F, Fiori G, Noferini M, Sprocatti M, Costa G (2009) Perspectives on the use of a seaweed extract to moderate the negative effects of alternate bearing in apple trees. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 84, 131–137.
| Perspectives on the use of a seaweed extract to moderate the negative effects of alternate bearing in apple trees.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tinggi U (2003) Essentiality and toxicity of selenium and its status in Australia: a review. Toxicology Letters 137, 103–110.
| Essentiality and toxicity of selenium and its status in Australia: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12505436PubMed |
Tripp RC, Pilon-Smits EAH (2021) Selenium transport and metabolism in plants: phytoremediation and biofortification implications. Journal of Hazardous Materials 404, 124178
| Selenium transport and metabolism in plants: phytoremediation and biofortification implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tsioubri M, Gasparatos D, Economou-Eliopoulos M (2020) Selenium uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) as affected by the application of sodium selenate, soil acidity and organic matter content. Plants 9, 605
| Selenium uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) as affected by the application of sodium selenate, soil acidity and organic matter content.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vernieri P, Borghesi E, Ferrante A, Magnani G (2005) Application of biostimulants in floating system for improving rocket quality. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 33, 86–88.
Wang Y, Wang F, Lu H, Liu Y, Mao C (2021) Phosphate uptake and transport in plants: an elaborate regulatory system. Plant and Cell Physiology 62, 564–572.
| Phosphate uptake and transport in plants: an elaborate regulatory system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 33508131PubMed |
White PJ (2016) Selenium accumulation by plants. Annals of Botany 117, 217–235.
| Selenium accumulation by plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26718221PubMed |
Winkel L, Vriens B, Jones G, Schneider L, Pilon-Smits E, Bañuelos G (2015) Selenium cycling across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces: a critical review. Nutrients 7, 4199–4239.
| Selenium cycling across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces: a critical review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26035246PubMed |
Woodbury PB, McCune DC, Weistein LH (1999) A review of selenium uptake, transformation and accumulation by plants with particular reference to coal fly ash landfills. In ‘Biochemistry of trace elements in coal and coal combustion byproducts’. (Eds KS Sajwan, AK Alva, RF Keefer) pp. 309–338. (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York, NY, USA)
World Health Organization (WHO) (2009) ‘Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks.’ (WHO: Geneva, Switzerland)
Yamada H, Kamada A, Usuki M, Yanai J (2009) Total selenium content of agricultural soils in Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 55, 616–622.
| Total selenium content of agricultural soils in Japan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zafeiriou I, Gasparatos D, Massas I (2020) Adsorption/desorption patterns of selenium for acid and alkaline soils of xerothermic environments. Environments 7, 72
| Adsorption/desorption patterns of selenium for acid and alkaline soils of xerothermic environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang L, Hu B, Li W, Che R, Deng K, Li H, Yu F, Ling H, Li Y, Chu C (2014) OsPT2, a phosphate transporter, is involved in the active uptake of selenite in rice. New Phytologist 201, 1183–1191.
| OsPT2, a phosphate transporter, is involved in the active uptake of selenite in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhou X, Yang J, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W (2020) Selenium biofortification and interaction with other elements in plants: a review. Frontiers in Plant Science 11, 586421
| Selenium biofortification and interaction with other elements in plants: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 33224171PubMed |
