Zinc and iron application in conjunction with nitrogen for agronomic biofortification of field crops – a review
Amandeep Kaur A and Guriqbal Singh
B *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
B Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21487
Submitted: 30 June 2021 Accepted: 17 May 2022 Published online: 24 June 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Maintaining food and nutritional security for the ever increasing population of the world is a great chllenge. Zinc and iron are important micronutrients for both human health and plant growth. Insufficient intake of these micronutrients leads to their deficiency in human body which causes morbidity and mortality in different age groups of poor populations in developing countries.
Aims: Therefore, agronomic biofortification is considered the most promising approach to alleviate zinc and iron malnutrition in developing countries.
Methods: The studies reviewed in this article clearly show that the combined application of zinc and nitrogen, iron and nitrogen, and zinc, iron and nitrogen to the soil or to the foliage during the reproductive phase leads to enhanced nutrient (zinc and iron) content in edible parts of crop plants. This happens as the remobilisation and translocation of zinc, iron and urea are governed by the same genetic pathways inside the plant.
Key results: The soil/foliar application of micronutrients (zinc and iron) along with nitrogen (mainly through urea) improves not only the micronutrient (zinc and iron) content in edible parts of the crop plants but also the crop productivity, and thus, is a win–win situation for growers as well as consumers.
Conclusions: Foliar application of urea at 1–2% along with zinc or iron or both during the reproductive phase has been found more effective for biofortification point of view.
Implications: This article reviews the effects of zinc and iron application in combination with nitrogen on agronomic biofortification in important field crops.
Keywords: cereals, foliar application, grain biofortification, grain yield, iron, micronutrients, pulses, zinc.
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