Marker-assisted selection and validation of DNA markers associated with cadmium content in durum wheat germplasm
Ahmad Alsaleh
A * , Faheem Shehzad Baloch B , Uğur Sesiz C , Muhammad Azhar Nadeem B , Rüştü Hatipoğlu D , Mustafa Erbakan E and Hakan Özkan D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Science and Technology Application and Research Center Institute for Hemp Research, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200 Yozgat, Turkey.
B Faculty of Agricultural sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey.
C Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Şırnak University, Şırnak, Turkey.
D Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
E Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21484
Submitted: 30 June 2021 Accepted: 22 September 2021 Published online: 31 January 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal having toxic effects on all living organisms. Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is widely used in human diets but has the potential to accumulate Cd. It also has a high level of genetic diversity, which may be exploited to develop cultivars with low Cd content. We aimed to perform marker-assisted selection and validate previously identified Cd markers in durum wheat germplasm for use in the investigation of accessions that accumulate low grain Cd content. We assessed 130 durum wheat accessions phenotypically and using three different molecular markers. Grain Cd contents of the studied germplasm varied 4.91-fold (26.2–128.7 μg/kg) with an average of 58.2 μg/kg. Landraces showed lower average values of grain Cd content than cultivars. Three molecular markers (usw47, Cad-5B and KASP marker Cad-5B) were used to differentiate high and low Cd accumulating lines. Results showed high correlation and successfully classified the accessions to the expected high or low Cd level; 87 accessions showed the low Cd alleles, and 43 accessions the high Cd alleles, except for five accessions with the usw47 marker that showed heterozygous status. A significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.944*) was observed among the three molecular markers. Based on molecular markers, 96.2% of the accessions were classified accurately. The KASP assay was highly effective in successfully separating low from high Cd content accessions and could be used as a molecular tool in durum wheat breeding programs, with less cost and time, targeting reduced grain Cd levels. The results of this study will allow durum wheat breeders to accelerate their progress to select suitable genotypes with the desired alleles.
Keywords: cadmium, diversity, human health, KASP genotyping, marker assisted selection (MAS), molecular genetics, toxicity, wheat durum.
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