Trigonella foenum-graecum morphophysiological and phytochemical processes controlling iron uptake and translocation
Wiem Mnafgui
A B C , Valeria Rizzo D , Giuseppe Muratore D , Hichem Hajlaoui B C , Bianca de Oliveira Schinoff E , Kais Mnafgui F and Amine Elleuch A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
B Regional Center for Agricultural Research in Sidi Bouzid. Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia.
C Laboratory of Non–Conventional Water Valuation (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia.
D Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
E Department of Pharmaco Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
F Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia.
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21419
Submitted: 21 June 2021 Accepted: 22 November 2021 Published online: 23 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Iron (Fe) is considered as a major cause of rural Tunisian soil contamination. Developing strategies for the cultivation of accumulator plants with permissible iron (Fe) concentrations is an urgent challenge.
Aims: In this study, the effects of FeSO4 concentration (0, 50, 500 and 1000 mg L−1) on fenugreek morpho-biochemical parameters were investigated.
Methods: The use of fenugreek as a phytoremediation strategy to control not only the uptake of Fe but also its safe consumption after treatments was evaluated.
Key results: Results showed that elevated Fe concentrations did not affect the germination rate, but, rather, decreased the radicle length and amylase activity. The elemental analysis showed that Fe uptake was higher in shoots than in roots, but lower in harvested seeds. The translocation factor was higher than 1, suggesting a safe use of fenugreek as an accumulator. Moreover, the increase in Fe concentrations reduced the chlorophyll content and enhanced the production of lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide dismutase more frequently on fenugreek shoots than on their roots. In turn, the maximum concentrations of flavonoids and phenols were recorded under the Fe concentration of 50 mg L−1. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the gallic and syringic acids were the major phenols produced under Fe stress in shoots and that 50 mg L−1 of added Fe concentration induced their elevation. However, the quercetin was detected only in roots and was reduced under the increasing Fe concentrations.
Conclusions: These results showed that fenugreek is an accumulator plant with admissible concentrations of Fe accumulation, which deploys multiple mechanisms to adapt to Fe stress.
Keywords: amylase activity, catalase, fenugreek, flavonoide, iron stress, oxidant activities, phenols, seed germination.
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