Yield and zinc accumulation response of basmati rice to incremental zinc fertilisation of a zinc-deficient soil
Gayatri Verma
A * , S. S. Dhaliwal B and Vivek Sharma B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Gurdaspur, 143521 Punjab, India.
B Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001 Punjab, India.
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21391
Submitted: 21 January 2021 Accepted: 19 November 2021 Published online: 18 March 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in basmati rice grown under submerged conditions leads to decrease in yield and nutritional quality. Fertilisation with Zn is a cost-effective and rapid way to increase crop productivity with Zn-enriched grain. A field experiment was conducted with five Zn levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg ha−1) for two consecutive years to assess the effects of Zn fertilisation on yield, Zn content and accumulation in basmati rice grown in a Zn-deficient soil. Maximum grain and straw yields were measured with Zn application of 40 kg ha−1, although statistically similar to yields with applications of 10 and 20 kg Zn ha−1. Increases in average yield compared with the control varied from 14.8% to 27.7% for grain and from 20% to 33.5% for straw with Zn application treatments. Accumulation of Zn in basmati rice grains was highest with Zn application of 40 kg ha−1, although not significantly different from accumulation with 10 and 20 kg Zn ha−1. Indexes of Zn use efficiency were as follows: agronomic efficiency 21–88 kg kg−1, physiological efficiency 6.93–7.39 t kg−1, grain physiological efficiency 14.95–15.21 t kg−1, apparent recovery efficiency 0.97–4.19%, and utilisation efficiency 6.7–31.0 t kg−1. All of these were higher at lower Zn levels and decreased at increasing levels of Zn. The highest benefit–cost ratio occurred with Zn application of 10 kg ha−1. Therefore, we conclude that Zn application of 10 kg ha−1 was the best treatment in terms of high grain yield, maximum benefit–cost ratio, and Zn accumulation in a Zn-deficient soil.
Keywords: basmati rice, grain yield, zinc accumulation, zinc content, zinc fertilisation, zinc use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, yield attributes.
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