Comparative effects of biochar and NPK on wheat crops under different management systems
Ibad Ullah A , Dost Muhammad A , Maria Mussarat A , Shadman Khan A , Muhammad Adnan
B * , Shah Fahad C D * , Muhammad Ismail A , Ishaq Ahmad Mian A , Aizaz Ali E , Muhammad Hamzah Saleem F , Muhammad Saeed B , Farhana Gul B , Muhammad Ibrahim B , Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza G , Hafiz Mohkum Hammad H , Wajid Nasim G , Shah Saud I O * , Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak J , Masood Ahmad K , Naushad Ali L , Rasheed Akbar M , Shah Masaud Khan N and Jan Banout O
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
B Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
C Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
D Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
E Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
F Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
G Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
H Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
I College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
J Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
K Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
L Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
M Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
N Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
O Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia.
Handling Editor: Zakaria Solaiman
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21146
Submitted: 1 March 2021 Accepted: 24 November 2021 Published online: 8 March 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
As a multi-beneficial amendment, biochar is very useful to be applied for improving soil health and crop productivity. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the influence of wood biochar and mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilisers viz, [(control; 100% NPK (120:90:60 kg ha−1); 75% NPK + 5 tonne biochar; 50% NPK + 10 tonne biochar; 25% NPK + 15 tonne biochar and 20 tonne biochar ha−1)] on wheat yield and soil properties under different management practices [(raised bed (more than 30 cm above the ground) and flat-bed)]. Split plot two factors randomised completed block (RCB) design with three replications were used where management practices were placed to main plot, while treatments were assigned to subplots. Maximum spike length, grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain and biological yield were obtained with application of 75% NPK + 5 tonne biochar ha−1 under both raised and flat-bed, which were statistically at par to 50% NPK + 10 tonne biochar ha−1. The grain and biological yield observed at 75% NPK + 5 tonne biochar and 50% NPK + 10 tonne biochar ha−1 were significantly higher than that of 20 tonne biochar ha−1. However, maximum soil organic matter, extractable P and K contents with slight increases in soil pH and EC was observed at 20 tonne biochar ha−1. Moreover, almost all agronomic parameters were significantly better in raised bed compared to flat-bed sowing. Hence, the present study suggested that 75% NPK + 5 tonne biochar ha−1 is suitable for improving wheat yield and soil properties.
Keywords: biochar, flat bed, mineral fertilisers, NPK, raised bed, soil management practices, soil pH, wheat yield.
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