Synchronisation of zinc application rates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus to maximise wheat growth and yield in zinc-deficient soil
Fariha Ilyas A , Muhammad Arif Ali A * , Abdulaah Modhish B , Niaz Ahmed A , Sajjad Hussain C , Muhammad Bilal D , Muhammad Arshad E , Subhan Danish
A * , Adel M. Ghoneim B * , Ayesha Ilyas F , Arslan Akram G , Shah Fahad H I , Mohammad Javed Ansari J and Rahul Datta K
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan.
B Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
C Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan.
D Department of Environmental Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan.
E Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
F Department of Environmental Science, The Women University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan.
G Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
H Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio resource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
I Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan.
J Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Uttar Pradesh 244001, India.
K Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 61300 Brno, South Movarian, Czech Republic.
Handling Editor: Zakaria Solaiman
Crop & Pasture Science 74(3) 157-172 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21042
Submitted: 22 January 2021 Accepted: 21 September 2021 Published: 10 February 2022
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found to be causing the most abundant symbioses between fungi and roots of terrestrial plants. AMF act as a biofertiliser that stimulate plant growth and increase plant productivity under poor soil fertility. In addition, unbalanced application of zinc (Zn) and the antagonistic relationship with phosphorus (P) also play an imperative role in decreasing crop productivity. It is necessary to synchronise Zn application rate with applied inorganic P and AMF to achieve optimum crop yield. For tha purpose, a pot trial was conducted on Zn-deficient soil with five application rates of Zn, i.e. 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg kg−1. Two levels of inorganic P [0 (P0) and 21 (P1) mg kg−1] were applied with and without AMF inoculation. Results showed that more AMF colonisation was observed under deficient Zn and P conditions. Higher soil Zn (Zn120 and Zn150) significantly decreased the germination rate and plant growth. However, a significant improvement in germination, plant height, biomass, transpiration rate and 100-grain weight validated the productive functioning of AMF over no AMF. AMF inoculation alleviated P-induced Zn deficiency and Zn-induced P deficiency. Application of P0Zn60 and P0Zn30 with and without AMF is a better treatment to maximise wheat growth, yield and gas-exchange attributes in Zn-deficient conditions. It is also recommended to apply low Zn, (30 or 60 mg kg−1 Zn) when AMF is used, with 21 mg kg−1 P, or half of the recommended dose of P.
Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi, cereal, growth attributes, inorganic fertilisers, photosynthesis, symbiosis, transpiration rate, yield attributes.
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