Increasing yield, quality and profitability of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) under combinations of nutrient levels in fertiliser and planting density
Chang Tian A , Xuan Zhou B , Qiang Liu A , Jianwei Peng A , Zhenhua Zhang A , Haixing Song
A I , Zheli Ding C , Mostafa A. Zhran D E , Mamdouh A. Eissa F , Ahmed M. S. Kheir C G , Ahmed E. Fahmy C D and Salah F. Abou-Elwafa H
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, and National Engineering Laboratory of College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China 410128
B Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China 410125.
C Haikou Experimental Stations, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101.
D Soil & Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Abou-Zaabl, 13759, Egypt.
E Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hainan, China 410125.
F Departments of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
G Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12112, Egypt.
H Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
I Corresponding author. Email: shx723@163.com
Crop and Pasture Science 71(12) 1010-1019 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP20328
Submitted: 30 August 2020 Accepted: 11 November 2020 Published: 21 December 2020
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crucial source of edible oil and livestock feeding, and is a promising biofuel crop. The increasing demand for oilseed rape requires strategies to increase yield while retaining quality. Field experiments were performed in southern China to evaluate the impacts of fertiliser level and planting density on dry matter accumulation, seed oil and protein content (%) and yield (per ha), oil quality, and the profitability of oilseed rape. Fertiliser treatments contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and boron (B) at four increasing rates, compared with nil fertiliser, and there were six planting densities (range 7.5–45 × 104 plants ha–1). Dry matter accumulation significantly (P < 0.05) increased in response to increasing plant population and fertiliser level, whereas harvest index decreased, suggesting that increasing the production of oilseed rape is limited to improvement of population quality. Seed oil and protein contents were significantly affected by fertiliser level rather than planting density. Increasing the fertiliser rate increased seed protein content, simultaneously slightly decreasing oil content. Glucosinolate content of rapeseed slightly decreased with increasing fertiliser but erucic and oleic acid contents were not affected, indicating that increasing the fertiliser rate might not reduce oilseed rape quality. Manipulation of fertiliser level was more effective than altering planting density for increasing seed oil and protein yields. Highest seed oil and protein yields resulted from the highest fertiliser application of 240 kg N, 52.4 kg P, 174.3 kg K, 15 kg S and 1.2 kg B ha–1, under a planting density of 22.5 × 104 plants ha–1. Maximum economic gain occurred with the two highest fertiliser levels, whereas planting density has no significant effect on profitability. A balanced application of NPKSB fertilisers should be employed with direct-sowing cultivation of oilseed rape, aimed at building a suitable population structure that balances plant population density and individual growth.
Keywords: Brassica napus, economic profits, fertilising levels, oilseed rape, planting densities, transplanting, yield quality.
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