Effect of Epichloë gansuensis endophyte on rhizosphere bacterial communities and nutrient concentrations and ratios in the perennial grass species Achnatherum inebrians during three growth seasons
Wenpeng Hou
A , Chao Xia A , Michael J. Christensen B , Jianfeng Wang A D , Xiuzhang Li A C , Tao Chen A and Zhibiao Nan A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems Lanzhou University; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs); Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education); College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
B Retired from AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
C State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, PR China.
D Corresponding author. Email: wangjf12@lzu.edu.cn
Crop and Pasture Science 71(12) 1050-1066 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP20145
Submitted: 4 May 2020 Accepted: 29 October 2020 Published: 7 December 2020
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Achnatherum inebrians is an invasive perennial grass widespread in natural grasslands of north-west China and plays an important role in grassland ecological restoration. The presence of the seed-borne endophytic fungus Epichloë gansuensis in A. inebrians promotes grass growth, increases resistance to abiotic stress, and affects the rhizosphere microbial community of host plants. However, the relationships among E. gansuensis, rhizosphere bacteria and plant contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) during different growing seasons are not clear. We examined changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community and in nutrient contents and ratios in A. inebrians with (E+) and without (E−) E. gansuensis in May, August and December. The Shannon diversity index was higher for rhizosphere bacteria of E+ than E− plants in the three different seasons. Leaf C, N and P contents and root P and K contents were higher in E+ than E− plants in May, and leaf K and root C were higher in E+ than E− plants in August. Leaf C : N ratios were lower in E+ than E− plants in December, and leaf C : K ratios were lower in E+ than E− plants in August and December. In addition, our results indicate significant interactions among rhizosphere bacteria, C, N, P and K contents, and endophyte treatment in three different seasons. In conclusion, E. gansuensis enhanced the C, N, P and K contents of host plants, and affected nutrient ratios of A. inebrians probably by increasing rhizosphere bacterial diversity and altering rhizosphere bacterial community structure. This study provides new findings on the ecological function of the endophyte E. gansuensis, including its potential role in enhancing soil fertility. The improvements in soil fertility were utilised in extrapolating to forage grass–endophyte associations.
Keywords: different growth phase, endophyte, rhizosphere bacterial diversity, stoichiometry.
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