Effect of stubble height and irrigation management on the growth, botanical composition and persistence of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and chicory swards in cool-temperate Tasmania
Adam D. Langworthy
A E , Richard P. Rawnsley A , Mark J. Freeman A , Ross Corkrey B , Keith G. Pembleton C , Matthew T. Harrison A , Peter A. Lane B and David A. Henry D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tas. 7320, Australia.
B Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
C School of Agricultural, Computational, and Environmental Sciences, and Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld. 4350, Australia.
D CSIRO Food Innovation Centre, Werribee, Vic. 3030, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: Adam.Langworthy@utas.edu.au
Crop and Pasture Science 70(2) 169-182 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP18311
Submitted: 29 June 2018 Accepted: 9 December 2018 Published: 6 February 2019
Abstract
The profitability of dairying in south-eastern Australia can be improved by increasing pasture production during summer–autumn, when growth rates for the existing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) feedbase are low. A study undertaken in cool-temperate north-west Tasmania examined the effect of stubble height and irrigation management on swards of perennial ryegrass, continental (summer-active) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Irrigation treatments included full irrigation (~20 mm applied at every 20 mm precipitation deficit), deficit irrigation (~20 mm applied at alternate full-irrigation events) and rainfed (no irrigation).
All species achieved greater summer–autumn yields when repeatedly defoliated to stubble heights of 35 or 55 mm than when defoliated to 115 mm, irrespective of irrigation treatment. Swards were managed under a common defoliation schedule of nine defoliation events in 12 months. Under full irrigation, second-year tall fescue achieved a greater summer–autumn yield than perennial ryegrass (by 10%, or 0.7 t DM ha–1), highlighting the potential role of tall fescue in north-west Tasmania. This was further demonstrated by the high marginal irrigation water-use index values (1.6–2.7 t DM ML–1) of tall fescue. By contrast, summer–autumn growth achieved by chicory was less than or equal to perennial ryegrass.
Additional keywords: basal frequency, defoliation severity, grazing intensity, residual height, water-use efficiency.
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