Light extinction of wheat as affected by N fertilisation and plant parameters
A. SoleymaniDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, PO Box 81595-158, Iran. Email: A_soleymani444@yahoo.com, A_soleymani@khuisf.ac.ir
Crop and Pasture Science 67(10) 1075-1086 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP16094
Submitted: 14 March 2016 Accepted: 12 June 2016 Published: 20 September 2016
Abstract
Light absorption and light extinction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are among the most important parameters affecting wheat growth and yield production. However, these properties are affected by plant and environmental factors. Despite wheat being an important food crop, there is not much information on these light parameters in wheat. Accordingly, light parameters were investigated in wheat plants in the present study in three field experiments under two distinct climatic conditions, a warm arid and semi-arid climate and a cool climate. The aims of the study were to determine how light absorption and light extinction of wheat are affected by: (1) planting date and plant genotype under arid and semi-arid conditions (Experiment I); and (2) N chemical fertilisation and plant genotype under arid and semi-arid conditions (Experiment II) and cool temperate conditions (Experiment III). Light absorption by the canopy was determined using a lightmeter and coefficients of extinction were calculated. Analyses of variance indicated significant effects of experimental treatments on light properties, wheat growth and yield production. There was a high rate of variability in light absorption, with a maximum of 59.27%, and light extinction coefficients were in the range 0.45–0.66. The experimental treatments resulted in high variability in the leaf area index (2.08–7.49), wheat biological yield (7831.1–22 515.96 kg ha–1), grain yield (2481.3–9273.57 kg ha–1) and harvest index (32.86–53.90%). The interaction between planting date and plant genotypes indicated that the responses of different wheat genotypes to planting date were highly variable, significantly affecting light absorption and light extinction by wheat. It is possible to make the optimum use of solar light and produce the highest rate of yield if the most efficient genotype (Line 14-C81, Pishvaz and Pishtaz) is planted on the right planting date (15 November) using the optimum rate of N chemical fertilisation (50, 100, 150 kg ha–1).
Additional keywords: biological and grain yield, leaf area index, light absorption, plant genotype, planting date.
References
Archontoulis S, Vos J, Yin X, Bastiaans L, Danalatos N, Struik P (2011) Temporal dynamics of light and nitrogen vertical distributions in canopies of sunflower, kenaf and cynara. Field Crops Research 122, 186–198.| Temporal dynamics of light and nitrogen vertical distributions in canopies of sunflower, kenaf and cynara.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chakwizira E, Dellow SJ, Teixeira EI (2016) Quantifying canopy formation processes in fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. alba L.) crops. European Journal of Agronomy 74, 144–154.
| Quantifying canopy formation processes in fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. alba L.) crops.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dong C, Fu Y, Liu G, Liu H (2014a) Growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to led light sources with different spectra combinations. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 200, 219–230.
| Growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to led light sources with different spectra combinations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmtVenu7c%3D&md5=2d3db03ac2acf528f781f486b52d2be6CAS |
Dong C, Fu Y, Liu G, Liu H (2014b) Low light intensity effects on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS. Advances in Space Research 53, 1557–1566.
| Low light intensity effects on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXkvFSit78%3D&md5=f27caecd02d748419971d374c1a69647CAS |
Dong C, Shao L, Liu G, Wang M, Liu H, Xie B, Li B, Fu Y, Liu H (2015) Photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield of wheat exposed to intermittent light irradiation with millisecond-scale periods. Journal of Plant Physiology 184, 28–36.
| Photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield of wheat exposed to intermittent light irradiation with millisecond-scale periods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtFOkt7%2FK&md5=6e4886428c7ea3a35ebf415a71cfefebCAS | 26210319PubMed |
Fletcher A, Johnstone P, Chakwizira E, Brown H (2013) Radiation capture and radiation use efficiency in response to N supply for crop species with contrasting canopies. Field Crops Research 150, 126–134.
| Radiation capture and radiation use efficiency in response to N supply for crop species with contrasting canopies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gao P, Zuo Z, Zhang R, Qiu Y, He R, Gao R, Gui R (2016) Optimum nitrogen fertilization for productivity and photosynthetic response. Agronomy Journal 108, 448–458.
| Optimum nitrogen fertilization for productivity and photosynthetic response.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XotlGnsbk%3D&md5=6e5204b040c878c5b9c2786f9f636cdeCAS |
Green C (1987) Nitrogen nutrition and wheat growth in relation to absorbed solar radiation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 41, 207–248.
| Nitrogen nutrition and wheat growth in relation to absorbed solar radiation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Sadrarhami A, Sharifi HR, Afiuni D, Schulin R (2009) Selecting zinc-efficient wheat genotypes with high grain yield using a stress tolerance index. Agronomy Journal 101, 1409–1416.
Li H, Wang G, Zheng Q, Li B, Jing R, Li Z (2014) Genetic analysis of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat grown in different light intensities. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 56, 594–604.
| Genetic analysis of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat grown in different light intensities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXps1Wisbw%3D&md5=c7867c23d259dc7c437a2cd115f8720cCAS | 24456166PubMed |
Longchamps L, Khosla R (2014) Early detection of nitrogen variability in maize using fluorescence. Agronomy Journal 106, 511–518.
| Early detection of nitrogen variability in maize using fluorescence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXjtlaqsbs%3D&md5=e64c4f765d4b444711e614ad915a1adeCAS |
Maathuis F (2009) Physiological functions of mineral macronutrients. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12, 250–258.
| Physiological functions of mineral macronutrients.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnsFSjtbg%3D&md5=4b0811597a07801238730c5785321cc5CAS | 19473870PubMed |
Miransari M, Mackenzie A (2015) Development of soil N testing for wheat production using soil residual mineral N. Journal of Plant Nutrition 38, 1995–2005.
| Development of soil N testing for wheat production using soil residual mineral N.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslWru7nJ&md5=b99965b8d8414101e2fdbfabcb16739fCAS |
Miransari M, Bahrami H, Rejali F, Malakouti M (2008) Using arbuscular mycorrhiza to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 40, 1197–1206.
| Using arbuscular mycorrhiza to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXksVKqsL4%3D&md5=f6850f896b0e208e50e20baf324feafaCAS |
Nejadsadeghi L, Maali-Amiri R, Zeinali H, Ramezanpour S, Sadeghzade B (2014) Comparative analysis of physio-biochemical responses to cold stress in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 70, 399–408.
| Comparative analysis of physio-biochemical responses to cold stress in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXltleqs7c%3D&md5=21e267a0c4d06a3369914aa824aca9ddCAS | 24691928PubMed |
O’Connell M, O’Leary G, Whitfield D, Connor D (2004) Interception of photosynthetically active radiation and radiation-use efficiency of wheat, field pea and mustard in a semi-arid environment. Field Crops Research 85, 111–124.
| Interception of photosynthetically active radiation and radiation-use efficiency of wheat, field pea and mustard in a semi-arid environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Olesen J, Berntsen J, Hansen E, Petersen B, Petersen J (2002) Crop nitrogen demand and canopy area expansion in winter wheat during vegetative growth. European Journal of Agronomy 16, 279–294.
| Crop nitrogen demand and canopy area expansion in winter wheat during vegetative growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
SAS Institute Inc. (1990) ‘SAS/STAT user’s guide. Version 6.’ 4th edn. (SAS Institute: Cary, NC)
Wang W, Li Z, Su H (2007) Comparison of leaf angle distribution functions: effects on extinction coefficient and fraction of sunlit foliage. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 143, 106–122.
| Comparison of leaf angle distribution functions: effects on extinction coefficient and fraction of sunlit foliage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Xu G, Fan X, Miller A (2012) Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency. Annual Review of Plant Biology 63, 153–182.
| Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xos1ams7w%3D&md5=9d1fc8e8aa43e7cccdace2e800a1fd63CAS | 22224450PubMed |
Xue W, Lindner S, Nay-Htoon B, Dubbert M, Otieno D, Ko J, Muraoka H, Werner C, Tenhunen J, Harley P (2016) Nutritional and developmental influences on components of rice crop light use efficiency. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 223, 1–16.
| Nutritional and developmental influences on components of rice crop light use efficiency.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang F, Huang S, Gao R, Liu W, Yong T, Wang X, Wu X, Yang W (2014) Growth of soybean seedlings in relay strip intercropping systems in relation to light quantity and red : far-red ratio. Field Crops Research 155, 245–253.
| Growth of soybean seedlings in relay strip intercropping systems in relation to light quantity and red : far-red ratio.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
