Magnesium balance in four permanent manurial experiments under rainfed agro-ecosystems of India
Ch. Srinivasarao A F , Sumanta Kundu A , K. L. Sharma A , Sharanbhoopal Reddy A , A. L. Pharande B , M. Vijayasankarbabu C , A. Satish D , R. P. Singh E , S. R. Singh E , G. Ravindra Chary A , M. Osman A , K. A. Gopinath A and C. Yasmin AA ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, Telangana, India.
B Dry Farming Research Station, Solapur 413 002, Maharashtra, India.
C Agriculture Research Station, Anantapuram 515 001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
D University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 560 065, Karnataka, India.
E Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
F Corresponding author. Email: cherukumalli2011@gmail.com
Crop and Pasture Science 66(12) 1230-1240 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP15101
Submitted: 30 March 2015 Accepted: 22 November 2015 Published: 21 December 2015
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays a vital role in photosynthesis, dry matter production and carbon partitioning in sink organs. Hence, four permanent manurial experiments (20–27 years of duration) under the auspices of All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) network centres across diverse agro-ecological regions were carried out to examine the soil exchangeable Mg (ex-Mg), crop uptake and overall Mg balance. Groundnut (peanut), finger millet, rice–lentil sequence and post rainy sorghum were the major crops or cropping systems followed in four permanent manure experiments at Anantapuram, Bengaluru, Varanasi and Solapur, respectively. Nutrient management in all experiments involved control (no addition of nutrients), 100% organic, 100% chemical, and integration of organic and chemical. Except in the finger millet-based system, mean ex-Mg status in the entire profile was higher than the sufficiency level (1.0 cmol(+) kg–1 as a critical limit). Status of ex-Mg (cmol(+) kg–1 soil) in soil profiles was in the order: Solapur (3.80) > Varanasi (2.07) > Anantapuram (1.06) > Bengaluru (0.44). A uniform distribution of ex-Mg was observed in plots that received integrated application of organic and chemical fertilisers. In general, improved status of profile ex-Mg (cmol(+) kg–1) over the control was observed in soils under groundnut (0.19–0.78), finger millet (1.90–3.20), and post rainy sorghum (6.50–7.60, except 4.20 in 100% NPK) cropping. Overall, ex-Mg status and balance of different soil types under diverse crop production systems was influenced by several factors, some of which include soil type with varying mineralogy, particle size distribution, nutrient management strategies and rainfall. Significant positive relationships were observed between ex-Mg status and clay content (R2 = 0.94), soil pH (R2 = 0.92), cation exchange capacity (R2 = 0.98) and mean air temperature (R2 = 0.22), whereas a weak relationship was observed with rainfall (R2 = 0.01). The study gives an account of Mg balance in major Indian soil types and recommends further attention on Mg nutrition in current intensive agriculture.
Additional keywords: agro-ecological sub regions, Alfisols, cropping systems, dryland, Inceptisols, integrated nutrient management, profile ex-Mg content, Vertisols.
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