Yield gain due to fungicide application in varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) resistant and susceptible to leaf rust
Alex Morgounov A I , Beyhan Akin A , Lütfi Demir B , Mesut Keser C , Alma Kokhmetova D , Sergey Martynov E , Şinasi Orhan B , Fatih Özdemir F , İzzet Özseven B , Zagipa Sapakhova G and Minura Yessimbekova HA CIMMYT, P.K. 39 Emek, 06511, Ankara, Turkey.
B Maize Research Station, Arifiye Cad. No. 20, Arifiye, Sakarya, Turkey.
C ICARDA, P.K. 39 Emek 06511, Ankara, Turkey.
D Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Street 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
E Vavilov Institute, 42, B. Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russia.
F Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, P.K. 125, Konya, 42020 Turkey.
G Kazakh National Agrarian University, Abay Avenue 8, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan.
H Kazakh Research Institute of Farming, Almalybak, Almaty region, Kazakhstan.
I Corresponding author. Email: a.morgounov@cgiar.org
Crop and Pasture Science 66(7) 649-659 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP14158
Submitted: 9 June 2014 Accepted: 28 January 2015 Published: 5 June 2015
Abstract
In three independent experiments in Turkey and Kazakhstan, winter wheat germplasm with variable degrees of resistance to leaf rust was subjected to fungicide protection. The yield loss of genotypes susceptible to leaf rust varied from 30% to 60% depending on the environment and severity of infection. Genotypes completely or moderately resistant to leaf rust also responded positively to fungicide protection, with average yield increases in the range 10–30%. This increase was observed even in one season without leaf rust infection. The main character affected by fungicide was 1000-kernel weight. There was stable expression of the magnitude of yield gain in resistant genotypes in different seasons, confirming genetic variation for this trait. Possible mechanisms of yield gain from fungicide protection in resistant genotypes are related to a positive physiological effect of the chemical used as well as a possible ‘cost of resistance’ to wheat plants. The magnitude of yield gain by resistant germplasm justifies its capture in breeding programs to develop varieties resistant to diseases and with greater benefits from the fungicide protection.
Additional keywords: breeding, grain yield, leaf rust, wheat.
References
Bertelsen JR, Neegard E, Smedegaard-Petersen V (1999) Reasons for improved yield when using azoxystrobin in winter wheat. DJF Rapport, Markburg 10, 175–186.Bokus WW, Davis MA, Shroyer JP (1992) Effect of foliar fungicide application on seed size of winter wheat. Journal of Applied Seed Protection 10, 1–16.
Dimmock JPRE, Gooding MJ (2002) The effect of fungicides on rate and duration of grain filling in winter wheat in relation to maintenance of flag green area. The Journal of Agricultural Science 138, 1–16.
| The effect of fungicides on rate and duration of grain filling in winter wheat in relation to maintenance of flag green area.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtFOmsrk%3D&md5=ee941737d11144e57947605bab658562CAS |
Fletcher RA, Hofstra G, Gao JG (1986) Comparative fungitoxic and plant growth regulating properties of triazole derivatives. Plant & Cell Physiology 27, 367–371.
Fletcher RA, Gilley A, Sankla N, Davis TD (2000) Triazoles as plant growth regulators. Horticulture Review 24, 55–138.
Gianessi L, Williams A (2011) Fungicides protect the world’s wheat crop from rust. International Pesticide Benefits Case Study No. 31. CropLife Foundation. Available at: https://croplifefoundation.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/31-wheat-rust.pdf
Jørgensen L, Nielsen G, Orum J, Jensen J, Pinnschmidt H (2008) Integrating disease control in winter wheat – optimizing fungicide input. Outlooks of Pest Management 19, 206–213.
| Integrating disease control in winter wheat – optimizing fungicide input.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kohle H, Grossmann K, Jabs T, Stierl R, Gerhard M, Kaiser W, Glaab J, Conrath U, Seehaus K, Herms S (2002) Physiological effects of the strobilurin fungicide F 500 on plants. In ‘Fungicides and antifungal compounds. III’. pp. 61–74. (AgroConcept: Bonn, Germany)
Kolmer JA, Mert Z, Akan K, Demir L, Unsal R, Sermet C, Keser M, Akin B, Morgounov AI (2013) Virulence of Puccinia triticina in Turkey and leaf rust resistance in Turkish wheat cultivars. European Journal of Plant Pathology 135, 703–716.
| Virulence of Puccinia triticina in Turkey and leaf rust resistance in Turkish wheat cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjs1elu78%3D&md5=c32318f514dd7e1f375a3c8608140584CAS |
Ray DK, Ramankutty N, Mueller N, West P, Foley J (2012) Recent patterns of crop yield growth and stagnation. Nature Communications 3, 1293
Serrago RA, Carretero R, Bancal M, Miralles DJ (2009) Foliar diseases affect the eco-physiological attributes linked with yield and biomass in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). European Journal of Agronomy 31, 195–203.
| Foliar diseases affect the eco-physiological attributes linked with yield and biomass in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sharma RC, Rajaram S, Alikulov S, Ziyaev Z, Hazratkulova S, Khodarahami M, Nazeri SM, Belen S, Khalikulov Z, Mosaad M (2013) Improved winter wheat genotypes for Central and West Asia. Euphytica 190, 19–31.
| Improved winter wheat genotypes for Central and West Asia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Simón M, Ayala F, Golik S, Terrile I, Cordo C, Perello A, Moreno V, Chidichmo H (2011) Integrated foliar disease management to prevent yield loss in Argentinian wheat production. Agronomy Journal 103, 1441–1451.
| Integrated foliar disease management to prevent yield loss in Argentinian wheat production.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Rajaram S (2000) Achieving near-immunity to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat by combining slow rusting resistance genes. Acta Phytopat et Entomol Hungarica 35, 133–139.
Varga B, Svecnjak Z, Mac’esic’ D, Uher D (2005) Winter wheat cultivar responses to fungicide application are affected by nitrogen fertilization rate. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 191, 130–137.
| Winter wheat cultivar responses to fungicide application are affected by nitrogen fertilization rate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Venancio WS, Rodrigues M, Begliomini E, de Souza NL (2003) Physiological effects of strobilurin fungicides on plants. Siências Exatas e da Terra, Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias 9, 59–68.
Wegulo S, Zwingman M, Breathnach J, Baenziger P (2011) Economic returns from fungicide application to control foliar fungal diseases in winter wheat. Crop Protection 30, 685–692.
| Economic returns from fungicide application to control foliar fungal diseases in winter wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zefelippo M (1992) Response of cultivars to crop protection treatments. Informatore Agrario 48, 47–49.
Ziyaev ZM, Sharma RC, Nazari K, Morgounov AI, Amanov AA, Ziyadullaev ZF, Khalikulov ZI, Alikulov SM (2011) Improving wheat stripe rust resistance in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Euphytica 179, 197–207.
| Improving wheat stripe rust resistance in Central Asia and the Caucasus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |