Population biology of Microlaena stipoides in a south-eastern Australian pasture
M. L. Mitchell A E F , J. M. Virgona B , J. L. Jacobs C and D. R. Kemp D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 124 Chiltern Valley Road, Rutherglen, Vic. 3685, Australia.
B Graminus Consulting P/L, 1 Heron Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australian.
C Agriculture Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 78 Henna Street, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia.
D School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
E Future Farm Industries CRC, The University of Western Australia M081, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: meredith.mitchell@depi.vic.gov.au
Crop and Pasture Science 65(8) 767-779 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13404
Submitted: 25 November 2013 Accepted: 8 April 2014 Published: 16 July 2014
Abstract
Microlaena (Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides (Labill.) R.Br.) is a C3 perennial grass that is native to areas of south-eastern Australia. In this region, perennial grasses are important for the grazing industries because of their extended growing season and persistence over several years. This series of experiments focused on the population biology of Microlaena by studying the phenology (when seed was set), seed rain (how much seed was produced and where it fell), seed germination, germinable seedbank, seed predation and seedling recruitment in a pasture. Experiments were conducted at Chiltern, in north-eastern Victoria, on an existing native grass pasture dominated by Microlaena.
Seed yields were substantial (mean 800 seeds m–2), with seed rain occurring over December–May. Microlaena has two distinct periods of high seed rain, in early summer and in early autumn. Seed predation is high. Within a 24-h period during peak seed production, up to 30% of Microlaena seed was removed from a pasture, primarily by ants. Microlaena seedlings recruited throughout an open paddock; however, seedling density was low (5 seedlings m–2). Microlaena represented only low numbers in the seedbank (0.01–0.05% of total); hence, any seedlings of Microlaena that germinate from the seedbank would face immense competition from other species. Management strategies for Microlaena-dominant pastures need to focus on the maintenance of existing plants.
Additional keywords: native grass, recruitment, weeping grass.
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