Ppd1, Vrn1, ALMT1 and Rht genes and their effects on grain yield in lower rainfall environments in southern Australia
H. A. Eagles A J K , Karen Cane B K , Ben Trevaskis C , Neil Vallance D E , R. F. Eastwood F , N. N. Gororo G , Haydn Kuchel H and P. J. Martin I
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
B Department of Environment and Primary Industries, PB260, Horsham, Vic. 3401, Australia.
C CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
D Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Mallee Research Station, Walpeup, Vic. 3507, Australia.
E Current address: Dodgshun Medlin, Ouyen Shire Office, Oke Street, Ouyen, Vic. 3490, Australia.
F Australian Grain Technologies, PB 260, Horsham, Vic. 3401, Australia.
G Nuseed Pty Ltd, PB 377, Horsham, Vic. 3401, Australia.
H Australian Grain Technologies, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
I Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
J Corresponding author. Email: Howard.Eagles@adelaide.edu.au
K These authors contributed equally to this paper.
Crop and Pasture Science 65(2) 159-170 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13374
Submitted: 5 November 2013 Accepted: 21 January 2014 Published: 20 February 2014
Abstract
Allele-specific markers for important genes can improve the efficiency of plant breeding. Their value can be enhanced if effects of the alleles for important traits can be estimated in identifiable types of environment. Provided potential bias can be minimised, large, unbalanced, datasets from previous plant-breeding and agronomic research can be used. Reliable, allele-specific markers are now available for the phenology genes Ppd-D1, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1, the aluminium-tolerance gene TaALMT1, and the plant-stature genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1. We used a set of 208 experiments with growing-season rainfall of <347 mm from southern Australia to estimate the effects of seven frequent combinations of the phenology genes, an intolerant and a tolerant allele of TaALMT1, and two semi-dwarf combinations Rht-B1b + Rht-D1a (Rht-ba) and Rht-B1a + Rht-D1b (Rht-ab) on grain yield in lower rainfall, Mediterranean-type environments in southern Australia. There were 775 lines in our analyses and a relationship matrix was used to minimise bias.
Differences among the phenology genes were small, but the spring allele Vrn-B1a might be desirable. The tolerant allele, TaALMT1-V, was advantageous in locations with alkaline soils, possibly because of toxic levels of aluminium ions in subsoils. The advantage of TaALMT1-V is likely to be highest when mean maximum temperatures in spring are high. Rht-ab (Rht2 semi-dwarf) was also advantageous in environments with high mean maximum temperatures in spring, suggesting that for these stress environments, the combination of Vrn-B1a plus TaALMT1-V plus Rht-ab should be desirable. Many successful cultivars carry this combination.
Additional keywords: aluminium tolerance, association genetics, photoperiod genes, semi-dwarf, stress tolerance, vernalisation genes.
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