Impact of waterlogging on the nutrition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) produced in sodic soils
K. Dodd A , C. N. Guppy B D , P. V. Lockwood B and I. J. Rochester CA Environmental Resources Management, #10-01 120 Robinson Road, Singapore 068913.
B School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
C CSIRO Plant Industry, Australian Cotton Research Institute, LB 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: cguppy@une.edu.au
Crop and Pasture Science 64(8) 816-824 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13093
Submitted: 20 March 2013 Accepted: 21 August 2013 Published: 29 October 2013
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2013 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Sodicity in Vertosols used for agricultural production can adversely affect the growth and nutrition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Cotton produced in sodic soils has reduced dry matter and lint yield and can develop toxic plant tissue concentrations of sodium (Na) but limited tissue concentrations of phosphorus (P,) potassium (K), and micronutrients. Crops produced on sodic soils frequently suffer from aeration stress after an irrigation or rainfall event, and it was hypothesised that the adverse physical and/or chemical conditions of sodic soils may exacerbate the effects of waterlogging. We measured the impacts of sodicity on the growth, nutrition, and root recovery time of cotton during and after waterlogging in two experiments. In the first, cotton plants were subjected to a 7-day period of inundation in Grey Vertosols with a range of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values from 2 to 25%; 32P was placed in the pots and its accumulation in the plant was used to indicate root activity and recovery after the waterlogging event. In a second experiment, agar was dissolved in nutrient solutions with a range of Na concentrations (9, 30, and 52 mm) matching soil solution Na concentrations in sodic soils, in order to simulate a waterlogging event. Following the waterlogging event, the solutions were labelled with 32P, in order to determine the effect of sodic soil solution chemistry on the rate of recovery of cotton root function after the event. Plant nutrient analysis was used to determine the effects of sodicity and waterlogging on cotton nutrition. In both experiments, waterlogging reduced root activity and reduced the uptake and transport of labelled P by the cotton plants, decreased plant P and K concentrations, and increased the plant Na concentrations. Sodicity exacerbated the effects of waterlogging on root function and cotton nutrition in the soil experiment but not in the nutrient solution experiment, suggesting that any contribution of waterlogging to the patterns of nutrient accumulation in cotton crops produced in sodic fields occurs due to soil physical factors rather than soil solution chemistry.
Additional keywords: phosphorus, potassium, sodium, soil solution, Vertosols.
References
Anderson DL, Henderson LJ (1986) Sealed chamber digest for plant nutrient analysis. Agronomy Journal 78, 937–938.| Sealed chamber digest for plant nutrient analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XlvVOisrk%3D&md5=07282cf976a063652fdc2fc742ccc4faCAS |
Ashraf MA, Ahmad MSA, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F, Ashraf MY (2011) Alleviation of waterlogging stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by exogenous application of potassium in soil and as a foliar spray. Crop & Pasture Science 62, 25–38.
| Alleviation of waterlogging stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by exogenous application of potassium in soil and as a foliar spray.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXks1Srtw%3D%3D&md5=417c6ab8c7b8a225a6c04b682508dc3fCAS |
Awad AS, Edwards DG, Campbell LC (1990) Phosphorus enhancement of salt tolerance in tomato. Crop Science 30, 123–128.
| Phosphorus enhancement of salt tolerance in tomato.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bange MP, Milroy SP, Thongbai P (2004) Growth and yield of cotton in response to waterlogging. Field Crops Research 88, 129–142.
| Growth and yield of cotton in response to waterlogging.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blair LM, Taylor GJ (2004) Maintaining exponential growth, solution conductivity and solution pH in low ionic strength solution culture using a computer-controlled nutrient delivery system. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 1557–1567.
| Maintaining exponential growth, solution conductivity and solution pH in low ionic strength solution culture using a computer-controlled nutrient delivery system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltlOqu70%3D&md5=4962ad142263f091db8e0478c19737d2CAS | 15181105PubMed |
Dang Y, Dalal R, Harms B, Routley R, Kelly R, McDonald M (2004) Subsoil constraints in the grain cropping soils of Queensland. In ‘Supersoil 2004’. Sydney. (Ed. B Singh) (The Regional Institute Ltd: Gosford, NSW)
Dodd K, Guppy C, Lockwood P, Rochester I (2010a) The effect of sodicity on cotton: plant response to solutions containing high sodium concentrations. Plant and Soil 330, 239–249.
| The effect of sodicity on cotton: plant response to solutions containing high sodium concentrations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXktFequ7k%3D&md5=528547cafd0082ee305ae18d53ef1c7eCAS |
Dodd K, Guppy CN, Lockwood PV (2010b) Overcoming the confounding effects of salinity on sodic soil research. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 41, 2211–2219.
| Overcoming the confounding effects of salinity on sodic soil research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1SntrjO&md5=638404da0151b6c93cefab8794316ff3CAS |
Dodd K, Guppy CN, Lockwood PV, Rochester IJ (2013) The effect of sodicity on cotton: does soil chemistry or soil physical condition have the greater role? Crop & Pasture Science 64, 806–815.
Drew MC, Dikumwin E (1985) Sodium exclusion from the shoots by roots of Zea mays (cv. LG 11) and its breakdown with oxygen deficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 55–62.
| Sodium exclusion from the shoots by roots of Zea mays (cv. LG 11) and its breakdown with oxygen deficiency.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXhtFSitr8%3D&md5=11326a8336023bb82ee5b6155c9616eaCAS |
Drew MC, Lauchli A (1985) Oxygen dependent exclusion of sodium ions from shoots by roots of Zea mays (cv. Pioneer 3906) in relation to salinity damage. Plant Physiology 79, 171–176.
| Oxygen dependent exclusion of sodium ions from shoots by roots of Zea mays (cv. Pioneer 3906) in relation to salinity damage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXlvFehs7w%3D&md5=3cc07789a4ccf1a8bc20f3bcbcb45dc4CAS | 16664364PubMed |
Drew MC, Sisworo EJ (1979) The development of waterlogging damage in young barley plants in relation to plant nutrient status and changes in soil properties. New Phytologist 82, 301–314.
| The development of waterlogging damage in young barley plants in relation to plant nutrient status and changes in soil properties.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXltlWmtbs%3D&md5=7fb6b2cebe059ea324cbbba5a8cfd517CAS |
Hocking PJ, Reicosky DC, Meyer WS (1987) Effects of intermittent waterlogging on the mineral nutrition of cotton. Plant and Soil 101, 211–221.
| Effects of intermittent waterlogging on the mineral nutrition of cotton.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXltlensro%3D&md5=149700d05ff936e7b7767cf41c1e56d9CAS |
Hodgson AS (1982) The effects of duration, timing and chemical amelioration of short-term waterlogging in a cracking grey clay. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 33, 1019–1028.
| The effects of duration, timing and chemical amelioration of short-term waterlogging in a cracking grey clay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jackson MB, Drew MC (1984) Effect of flooding on growth and metabolism of herbaceous plants. In ‘Flooding and plant growth’. (Ed. TT Kozlowski) pp. 47–128. (Academic Press: London)
Jayawardane NS, Blackwell J, Stapper M (1987) Effect of changes in moisture profiles of transitional red-brown earth with surface and slotted gypsum applications on the development and yield of a wheat crop. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, 239–251.
| Effect of changes in moisture profiles of transitional red-brown earth with surface and slotted gypsum applications on the development and yield of a wheat crop.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lauchli A, Stelter W (1982) Salt tolerance of cotton genotypes in relation to K/Na selectivity. In ‘International Workshop on Biosaline Research’. La Paz, Mexico. (Ed. A San Pietro) pp. 511–514. (Plenum Press: New York)
Leidi EO, Saiz JF (1997) Is salinity tolerance related to Na accumulation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings? Plant and Soil 190, 67–75.
| Is salinity tolerance related to Na accumulation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedlings?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXkvFyjsb0%3D&md5=001807413fed8504a2bda2cebd2b2165CAS |
Maas EV, Hoffman GJ (1977) Crop salt tolerance - current assessment. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division 103, 115–134.
McIntyre DS (1979) Exchangeable sodium, subplasticity and hydraulic conductivity of some Australian soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 17, 115–120.
| Exchangeable sodium, subplasticity and hydraulic conductivity of some Australian soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXkvFShtrw%3D&md5=b1cacf297b5dda5cfc5523672b9b9a70CAS |
McIntyre DS, Loveday J, Watson CL (1982) Field studies of water and salt movement in an irrigated swelling clay soil. 1. Infiltration during ponding. Australian Journal of Soil Research 20, 101–105.
| Field studies of water and salt movement in an irrigated swelling clay soil. 1. Infiltration during ponding.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Milroy SP, Bange MP, Thongbai P (2009) Cotton leaf nutrient concentrations in response to waterlogging under field conditions. Field Crops Research 113, 246–255.
| Cotton leaf nutrient concentrations in response to waterlogging under field conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Norrish S, Cornish PS, Moody PW, Jessop RS, Rummery G (2001) Soil fertility and wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser on Vertosols in low rainfall areas of the northern grain zone. In ‘10th Australian Agronomy Conference’. Hobart, Tas. (Eds B Rowe, D Donaghy, N Mendham) (Australian Society of Agronomy/The Regional Institute Ltd: Gosford, NSW)
Payne RW (1987) ‘Genstat 5 Reference Manual.’ (Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK)
Rengasamy P (2002) Transient salinity and subsoil constraints to dryland farming in Australian sodic soils: an overview. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, 351–361.
| Transient salinity and subsoil constraints to dryland farming in Australian sodic soils: an overview.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rengasamy P, Olsson KA (1993) Irrigation and sodicity. Australian Journal of Soil Research 31, 821–837.
| Irrigation and sodicity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktlCjt78%3D&md5=e7b06241aa43fdee5e8191fc9bd26777CAS |
Rochester IJ (2010) Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of cotton:interaction with sodium. Crop & Pasture Science 61, 825–834.
| Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of cotton:interaction with sodium.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1yqt7zL&md5=d708f3c453dd47d33e7a71e6072357b7CAS |
Trought MCT, Drew MC (1980a) The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). 1. Shoot and root growth in relation to changes in the concentration of dissolved gases and solutes in the soil solution. Plant and Soil 54, 77–94.
| The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). 1. Shoot and root growth in relation to changes in the concentration of dissolved gases and solutes in the soil solution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhs1artLk%3D&md5=76f6cd0d0aa4c175c43967c33081b559CAS |
Trought MCT, Drew MC (1980b) The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). 2. Accumulation of nutrients by the shoots. Plant and Soil 56, 187–199.
| The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). 2. Accumulation of nutrients by the shoots.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXmtF2ktb4%3D&md5=71187ad291e11f77dd07c3ce8184fc5fCAS |
Trought MCT, Drew MC (1980c) The development of waterlogging damage in young wheat plants in anaerobic solution cultures. Journal of Experimental Botany 31, 1573–1585.
| The development of waterlogging damage in young wheat plants in anaerobic solution cultures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXhtlKgt7o%3D&md5=f6afcbb857f53792124adfc031e2b220CAS |
Wiengweera A, Greenway H (2004) Performance of seminal and nodal roots of wheat in stagnant solution: K+ and P uptake and effects of increasing O2 partial pressures around the shoot on nodal root elongation. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 2121–2129.
| Performance of seminal and nodal roots of wheat in stagnant solution: K+ and P uptake and effects of increasing O2 partial pressures around the shoot on nodal root elongation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsVyit74%3D&md5=dd79f66de6ab0239cd5b49a2f35a2d4dCAS | 15310817PubMed |
Wiengweera A, Greenway H, Thomson CJ (1997) The use of agar nutrient solution to simulate lack of convection in waterlogged soils. Annals of Botany 80, 115–123.
| The use of agar nutrient solution to simulate lack of convection in waterlogged soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
