IPM in the transgenic era: a review of the challenges from emerging pests in Australian cotton systems
Lewis Wilson A F , Sharon Downes B , Moazzem Khan D , Mary Whitehouse B , Geoff Baker C , Paul Grundy D and Susan Maas E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CSIRO Plant Industry, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia.
B CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia.
C CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
D Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, PO Box 102, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
E Cotton Research and Development Corporation, PO Box 1722, Emerald, Qld 4720, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: lewis.wilson@csiro.au
Crop and Pasture Science 64(8) 737-749 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13070
Submitted: 21 February 2013 Accepted: 23 June 2013 Published: 8 October 2013
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2013 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
The Cotton Catchment Communities Cooperative Research Centre began during a period of rapid uptake of Bollgard II® cotton, which contains genes to express two Bt proteins that control the primary pests of cotton in Australia, Helicoverpa armigera and H. punctigera. The dramatic uptake of this technology presumably resulted in strong selection pressure for resistance in Helicoverpa spp. against the Bt proteins. The discovery of higher than expected levels of resistance in both species against one of the proteins in Bollgard II® cotton (Cry2Ab) led to significant re-evaluation of the resistance management plan developed for this technology, which was a core area of research for the Cotton CRC. The uptake of Bollgard II® cotton also led to a substantial decline in pesticide applications against Helicoverpa spp. (from 10–14 to 0–3 applications per season). The low spray environment allowed some pests not controlled by the Bt proteins to emerge as more significant pests, especially sucking species such as Creontiades dilutus and Nezara viridula. A range of other minor pests have also sporadically arisen as problems. Lack of knowledge and experience with these pests created uncertainty and encouraged insecticide use, which threatened to undermine the gains made with Bollgard II® cotton. Here we chronicle the achievements of the Cotton CRC in providing the industry with new knowledge and management strategies for these pests.
Additional keywords: cotton, ecology, Helicoverpa, integrated pest management, mirids, transgenic, whitefly.
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