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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 61(5)

Pre-cropping with canola decreased Pratylenchus thornei populations, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and yield of wheat

K. J. Owen A B , T. G. Clewett A and J. P. Thompson A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Leslie Research Centre, PO Box 2282, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.

B Corresponding author. Email: Kirsty.Owen@deedi.qld.gov.au

Crop and Pasture Science 61(5) 399-410 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP09345
Submitted: 2 December 2009  Accepted: 15 April 2010   Published: 12 May 2010

Abstract

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) significantly reduces wheat yields in the northern Australian grain region. Canola is thought to have a ‘biofumigation’ potential to control nematodes; therefore, a field experiment was designed to compare canola with other winter crops or clean-fallow for reducing P. thornei population densities and improving growth of P. thornei-intolerant wheat (cv. Batavia) in the following year. Immediately after harvest of the first-year crops, populations of P. thornei were lowest following various canola cultivars or clean-fallow (1957–5200 P. thornei/kg dry soil) and were highest following susceptible wheat cultivars (31 033–41 294/kg dry soil). Unexpectedly, at planting of the second-year wheat crop, nematode populations were at more uniform lower levels (<5000/kg dry soil), irrespective of the previous season’s treatment, and remained that way during the growing season, which was quite dry. Growth and grain yield of the second-year wheat crop were poorest on plots previously planted with canola or left fallow due to poor colonisation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, with the exception of canola cv. Karoo, which had high AM fungal colonisation and low wheat yields. There were significant regressions between growth and yield parameters of the second-year wheat and levels of AMF following the pre-crop treatments. Thus, canola appears to be a good crop for reducing P. thornei populations, but AM fungal-dependence of subsequent crops should be considered, particularly in the northern Australian grain region.

Additional keywords: brassicas, long-fallow disorder.


Acknowledgments

We thank Dr John Kirkegaard (CSIRO, Canberra) for advice on canola cultivars and 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate levels, Drs Alan McKay and Kathy Ophel-Keller (SARDI, South Australia) for DNA analysis, and Dennis Orange (Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management) for soil moisture characteristic data. Soil analyses were conducted by the Analytical Chemistry Section, formerly from the Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Toowoomba, Queensland. We also thank Kerry Bell (Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation) for statistical analysis, and Mrs Michelle O’Reilly and Mr Tony Charles for technical assistance. This work was funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation.


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