Cold tolerance in rice varieties at different growth stages
C. Ye A C , S. Fukai A , I. Godwin A , R. Reinke B , P. Snell B , J. Schiller A and J. Basnayake AA University of Queensland, School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, QLD 4072, Australia.
B NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, NSW 2703, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: c.ye@uq.edu.au
Crop and Pasture Science 60(4) 328-338 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP09006
Submitted: 21 August 2008 Accepted: 3 February 2009 Published: 21 April 2009
Abstract
Low temperature is a common production constraint in rice cultivation in temperate zones and high-elevation environments, with the potential to affect growth and development from germination to grain filling. There is a wide range of genotype-based differences in cold tolerance among rice varieties, these differences often reflecting growth conditions in the place of origin, as well as breeding history. However, improving low temperature tolerance of varieties has been difficult, due to a lack of clarity of the genetic basis to low temperature tolerance for different growth stages of the rice plant. Seeds or plants of 17 rice varieties of different origins were exposed to low temperature during germination (15°C), seedling, booting, and flowering stages (18.5°C), to assess their cold tolerance at different growth stages. Low temperature at the germination stage reduced both the percentage and speed of germination. Varieties from China (B55, Banjiemang, and Lijianghegu) and Hungary (HSC55) were more tolerant of low temperature than other varieties. Most of the varieties showed moderate levels of low temperature tolerance during the seedling stage, the exceptions being some varieties from Australia (Pelde, YRL39, and YRM64) and Africa (WAB160 and WAB38), which were susceptible to low temperature at the seedling stage. Low temperature at booting and flowering stages reduced plant growth and caused a significant decline in spikelet fertility. Some varieties from China (B55, Bangjiemang, Lijiangheigu), Japan (Jyoudeki), the USA (M103, M104), and Australia (Quest) were tolerant or moderately tolerant, while the remaining varieties were susceptible or moderately susceptible to low temperature at booting and flowering stages. Three varieties from China (B55, Lijianghegu, Banjiemang) and one from Hungary (HSC55) showed consistent tolerance to low temperature at all growth stages. These varieties are potentially important gene donors for breeding and genetic studies. The cold tolerance of the 17 rice varieties assessed at different growth stages was correlated. Screening for cold tolerance during early growth stages can therefore potentially be an effective way for assessing cold tolerance in breeding programs.
Additional keywords: low temperature, germination, seedling, booting, flowering.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by a University of Queensland Postdoctoral Fellowship. The assistance of Ms Thimali Nadeeshani in the collection of data during the seedling stage of the study is also acknowledged.
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