Waterlogging affects the growth, development of tillers, and yield of wheat through a severe, but transient, N deficiency
Drew Robertson A , Heping Zhang B , Jairo A. Palta B C D , Timothy Colmer A and Neil C. Turner CA School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
B CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
C Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, M080, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: jairo.palta@csiro.au
Crop and Pasture Science 60(6) 578-586 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP08440
Submitted: 12 December 2008 Accepted: 10 March 2009 Published: 12 June 2009
Abstract
Tiller production and survival are suppressed on soils prone to waterlogging. The tiller production and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Wyalkatchem) was investigated in a glasshouse experiment during and after a transient waterlogging to examine its effect on grain yield. Wheat plants received either a high or low nitrogen (N) application at sowing and were waterlogged at 22 days after sowing for 14 days. Plants received a second either high or low N application after waterlogging was released. Waterlogging induced a transient N deficiency. The N concentration of the youngest expanded leaf on the mainstem and tillers declined markedly during waterlogging, but its recovery 14 days after the waterlogging was ended was independent of treatment, reaching a greater than the critical minimum concentration of 3.5%. The growth of primary tillers 1 and 2 was severely inhibited by waterlogging while the exsertion of new tillers was delayed by 9 days. Shoot dry weight of the waterlogged plants at final harvest was reduced by 37% compared with the non-waterlogged plants. During the recovery period, the waterlogged plants produced higher order tillers that produced late ears. As a result, the number of ears per plant was similar in plants in continuously drained or previously waterlogged soil. Waterlogging reduced the number of grains per ear on the mainstem and tillers, and consequently grain yield by 32%. High N application after waterlogging increased grain yield by ~20%, but high N applied at sowing had no effect on yield. This suggests that N application after waterlogging can reduce the detrimental effect of waterlogging on grain yields in areas prone to waterlogging.
Acknowledgments
Drew Robertson thanks GRDC for an undergraduate honours scholarship and providing funding for this research. CSIRO is acknowledged for providing glasshouse facilities for the experimental work. We also thank Dr Steve Milroy for his comments on the manuscript.
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