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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 73(10)

Crosslinking of Self-Assembled Protein–Polymer Conjugates with Divanillin

Zihao Li A , Yanyan Jiang B , Kilian Wüst A , Manuela Callari A and Martina H. Stenzel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-4419 A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

B School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.

C Corresponding author. Email: M.Stenzel@unsw.edu.au

Australian Journal of Chemistry 73(10) 1034-1041 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH19617
Submitted: 29 November 2019  Accepted: 31 March 2020   Published: 19 June 2020

Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2020 Open Access CC BY

Abstract

Protein-based materials are widely used in biomedical applications. Often the proteins need to be crosslinked in order to be stable for application. Here, we explored the use of 5,5′-bisvanillin as a potentially non-toxic crosslinker that can react with lysine residues on proteins. To demonstrate the success of the crosslinking reaction, polymer–protein conjugates based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) were employed. The BSA-PNIPAM conjugate is water soluble at room temperature, but heated above the cloud point, BSA-PNIPAM forms nanoparticles of around 70 nm that can again disassemble at lower temperatures. Reaction with 5,5′-bisvanillin prevented disassembly resulting in stable BSA nanoparticles of 50 nm in size. The formed nanoparticles were observed to be rather stable and were not easily cleaved in acidic conditions. The crosslinker 5,5′-bisvanillin was measured to have lower toxicity against A2780 lung cancer cell lines compared with the commonly applied crosslinker glutaraldehyde.


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