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The Rise of Azide–Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar ‘Click’ Cycloaddition and its Application to Polymer Science and Surface Modification

Richard A. Evans ^A ^B

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^A CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South VIC 3169, Australia. Email: richard.evans@csiro.au

^B Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.

Richard Evans is a Principal Research Scientist at CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies and is an Adjunct Professor at both the Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, University of New South Wales, and the Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology. His research interest is in the design, synthesis, and application of functional polymers. He has published/patented in the areas of photochromism, free radical polymerization, optical data storage, organic reactive intermediates, and prebiotic chemistry.

Australian Journal of Chemistry 60(6) 384-395 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH06457
Submitted: 1 December 2006 Accepted: 24 January 2007 Published: 18 June 2007

Abstract

New methods to synthesize and functionalize polymers are of constant interest to the polymer scientist. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide and terminal alkyne has received much attention since the reports that copper(i) provides high yields and regioselective synthesis of 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This coupling chemistry has been rapidly adopted by polymer scientists in the synthesis and post-polymerization modification of polymers. This Review will provide the historical context of the recent development of the copper-mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition and its use in polymer science, particularly in dendrimer synthesis/functionalization, surface immobilization/modification, orthogonally functionalizing polymers, and its integration with ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization).

Acknowledgments

The author is thankful to a referee for providing background information that appears in the section ‘Current Directions in Polymer Synthesis and Modification’ concerning the collaboration that lead to the initial dendrimer synthesis publication using the azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction.

References

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