CO₂ × Nitrogen Interaction on Seedling Growth of Four Species of Eucalypt.

Abstract

Four eucalypt species were selected to represent two ecologically disparate groups which would be expected to contrast in seedling vigour and in the nature of growth responses to CO₂ × nitrogen supply. Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa were taken as examples of fast-growing species with a wide distribution, that develop into large trees. By contrast, E. pauciflora and E. pulverulenta become smaller trees, and show a more limited distribution.

Seedlings were established in pots (5 L) of a loamy soil and supplied with nutrient solution containing either 1.2 or 6.0 mM NO₃- in both ambient (33 Pa) and CO₂-enriched (66 Pa) greenhouses. Analysis of growth response to treatments (2 × 2 factorial) was based on destructive harvest of plants sampled on four occasions over 84 days for E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, and 100 days for E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora. A positive CO₂ × N interaction on plant dry mass and leaf area was expressed in all species throughout the study period. In E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, plant mass was doubled by high N at 33 Pa CO₂, compared with a three to four-fold increase at 66 Pa to reach 34g by final harvest. In E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora, slower growth resulted in about 50% less mass at a given age, but relative increases due to CO₂ and N were of a similar order.

A distinction can be made between N and CO₂ effects on growth processes as follows. When trees were grown on low N, elevated CO₂ increased nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) at both leaf and whole plant levels. On high N, leaf NUE was increased in E. camaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, but decreased in E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora. Whole plant NUE showed no consistent response to elevated CO₂ when plants were supplied high N.

Net assimilation rate (NAR) was increased by elevated CO₂ in all species on either N treatment. Moreover, high N increased NAR under either CO₂ treatment in all species. There was a positive N × CO₂ interaction on NAR in E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa, but not in E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora.

Growth indices for E. carnaldulensis and E. cypellocarpa species, and especially E. carnaldulensis, generally exceeded those for E. pulverulenta and E. pauciflora in terms of NAR, leaf NUE, N-enhancement of CO₂ effects on leaf area and biomass, and non-structural carbohydrate content of foliage.