Dynamics of cell wall components and histochemical profile of a rust fungi gall (Basidiomycota: Pucciniales) on Byrsonima variabilis A.Juss. (Malpighiaceae)
Reisila S. Migliorini Mendes A B , Elaine C. Costa A , Lucas C. Oliveira
A , Flávia M. Gomes B , Denis C. Oliveira C and Rosy M. S. Isaias A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
B Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Ibirité, Avenida São Paulo, 3996, Vila Rosário, Ibirité, Minas Gerais 32400-000, Brazil.
C Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Umuarama, Rua Ceará s/n, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38402-018, Brazil.
Australian Journal of Botany 71(2) 93-109 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT21123
Submitted: 13 October 2021 Accepted: 7 February 2023 Published: 20 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: An obligate biotrophic parasitism with a rust fungus led to gall formation on Byrsonima variabilis.
Aims: The hypothesis that the host leaf–rust fungi interaction alters the dynamics of plant cell walls and the histochemical profile toward favouring the plant cell-to-fungi cell translocation of metabolites is tested.
Methods: Gall samples were sectioned and submitted to anatomical, histometric, histochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques to evaluate structural alterations and the detection of primary and secondary metabolites, as well as the epitopes of glycoproteins, pectins, and hemicelluloses.
Key results: Fungi gall development results in the hypertrophy of the stomatal chamber and the hyperplasia of epidermis and spongy parenchyma. The cell-to-cell translocation of metabolites from plant mesophyll cells toward the rust fungi gall is favoured by the epitopes of homogalacturonans (HGs) and (1 → 5) α-l-arabinans detected in the hyphae passage sites in the pycnial and aecial stages. The arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) may favour mycelial nutrition and differentiation, and cell wall adhesion. HGs and arabinans confer porosity to mesophyll cell walls, which favours the traffic of molecules toward the rust fungi gall.
Conclusions: The unexpected labelling of AGPs, HGs, and arabinans in fungi cell walls is a novelty regarding the plant–fungi interaction. The primary metabolites detected in rust fungi support hyphae growth and spore maturation.
Implications: The immunolabelling of host plant cell wall components on fungi cell walls indicates the integrative role of some plant cell wall components in the biological process of pathogen colonisation in leaf tissues.
Keywords: AGPs, gall anatomy, histochemistry, histometry, immunocytochemistry, pectins, plant–fungi interaction.
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