A state-and-transition model to guide grassland management
Steve J. Sinclair
A H , Tara Zamin B , Paul Gibson-Roy C , Joshua Dorrough D , Nathan Wong E , Vanessa Craigie F , Georgia E. Garrard G and Joslin L. Moore B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Victorian State Government Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Vic. 3084, Australia.
B School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia.
C Greening Australia NSW, PO Box 59, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Current address: Ecological Restoration, Kalbar Resources, Australia.
D Natural Regeneration, PO Box 9103, Wyndham, NSW 2550, Australia.
E Trust for Nature, Level 5, 379 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vic. 3000, Australia.
F Victorian State Government Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Vic. 3002, Australia.
G Interdisciplinary Conservation Science Research Group, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3000, Australia.
H Corresponding author. Email: steve.sinclair@delwp.vic.gov.au
Australian Journal of Botany 67(5) 437-453 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT18167
Submitted: 23 August 2018 Accepted: 5 July 2019 Published: 26 September 2019
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems across the globe have been extensively modified and degraded by agriculture and urban development, leaving conservation managers with a complex set of interacting legacies and opportunities to contend with. We advocate the use of state-and-transition models to assist conservation managers to deal with this complexity. Using a major development and compensation project as a case study (The Melbourne Strategic Assessment under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), we discuss the uses and limitations of state-and-transition models for conservation management. We define a state-and-transition model for an endangered Australian temperate grassland. Soil and vegetation data are used to evaluate the model and confirm that the assigned states relate to observable agro-ecological patterns. We then discuss the use of this model for several different interacting purposes: as a tool for the simple communication of complex ecological processes; as a tool for landscape stratification to aid the spatial application of management and experimentation; as a framework to set and define conservation objectives; and as an aide for adaptive management.
Additional keywords: adaptive management, management objectives, natural temperate grassland, prairie, Themeda triandra.
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