Complex genetic relationships within and among cytotypes in the Lepidosperma costale species complex (Cyperaceae) on rocky outcrops in Western Australia
Mark J. Wallace A B C D , Siegfried L. Krauss A B and Matthew D. Barrett A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia.
B School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
C Present address: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: m.wallace@csiro.au
Australian Journal of Botany 67(3) 205-217 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT18103
Submitted: 19 May 2018 Accepted: 28 October 2018 Published: 4 February 2019
Abstract
There is a growing realisation that cytotype variation within species complexes plays an important role in plant evolution; however, there are relatively few investigations that describe the genetic diversity within and among related cytotypes. In the present study, we analysed patterns of genetic variation in 774 individuals from nine diploid, 14 tetraploid and five mixed ploidy populations of the Lepidosperma costale complex (Cyperaceae) from rocky outcrops in south-west Australia. Application of nuclear (nSSR) and chloroplast (cpSSR) microsatellites suggests that polyploids are of autopolyploid and allopolyploid origin and that polyploidisation is associated with a shift to facultative clonal reproduction, including apomictic reproduction. The newly-discovered putative allopolyploids were commonly associated with disturbed environments, an association commonly reported for allopolyploids. Diploid populations generally contained more genetic diversity than polyploid populations, and there was little genetic differentiation among diploid populations. In contrast, polyploids were characterised by higher heterozygosity and differentiation among populations, but possessed lower within-population diversity. The high differentiation among polyploid populations suggests that polyploids may have formed recurrently and are an important component of morphologically cryptic diversity within the species complex. Ploidy level is a critical factor affecting genetic diversity in this species complex, highlighting the potential contributions of polyploidy to genetic differentiation, and potentially speciation.
Additional keywords: apomixis, clonality, hybridisation, ironstone, granite, polyploidy, population genetics.
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