Invasive alien palm Pinanga coronata threatens native tree ferns in an oceanic island rainforest
Michael J. B. Dyer A B I , Gunnar Keppel A C D , Marika Tuiwawa E , Sainivalati Vido F and Hans Juergen Boehmer G H
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
B United Nations Development Program, MCO for Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and Samoa, Apia, Samoa.
C Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
D Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
E South Pacific Regional Herbarium, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
F Forestry Department, Ministry of Fisheries and Forests, Suva, Fiji.
G School of Geography, Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
H Institute for Applied Ecological Studies (IFANOS), Baerenschanzstrasse 73, Nuremberg, Germany.
I Corresponding author. Email: dyermj13@gmail.com
Australian Journal of Botany 66(8) 647-656 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT18088
Submitted: 22 April 2018 Accepted: 17 December 2018 Published: 6 February 2019
Abstract
Invasive ornamental plants are a global problem that can have severe impacts on native biodiversity, especially on islands. To determine whether the invasive, ornamental ivory-cane palm Pinanga coronata could be displacing native biodiversity, we investigated its co-distribution with native tree ferns in a Fijian rainforest. We recorded the abundances of P. coronata and tree ferns and related these to environmental variables using linear models and generalised linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs). Distance to an introduction site was the most significant factor predicting the palm’s distribution and abundance, suggesting that its current distribution is limited by insufficient time for wider dispersal. P. coronata cover was strongly and negatively related with the abundance of native tree ferns and the palm may therefore be displacing native tree ferns. This relationship was strongest with tree fern seedlings and weakest with mature tree ferns, implying that the palm is preventing the establishment of native tree ferns. This study thus provides strong circumstantial evidence that P. coronata is progressively displacing native tree ferns by preventing seedling establishment and poses a severe threat to Fiji’s native biodiversity and ecological processes. Therefore, urgent management is required to control and prevent the further spread of P. coronata and its negative impacts on native plant biodiversity. Management should involve an initial feasibility study to determine the effectiveness of various management strategies, followed by targeted control and/or eradication campaigns and long-term monitoring. Ultimately, well implemented legislation to prevent the spread and introduction of P. coronata and other ornamental plants will be crucial to protect native biodiversity in Fiji and elsewhere.
Additional keywords: biodiversity loss, Cyatheaeceae, Fiji, invasive ornamental palm, pantropics, South Pacific Islands.
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