Intermediate morphophysiological dormancy allows for life-cycle diversity in the annual weed, Turgenia latifolia (Apiaceae)
Miregul Nurulla A , Carol C. Baskin A B C D , Juan J. Lu A , Dun Y. Tan A D and Jerry M. Baskin A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi 830052, China.
B Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
C Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
D Corresponding authors. Email: tandunyan@163.com (D.Y. Tan); ccbask0@uky.edu (C.C. Baskin)
Australian Journal of Botany 62(8) 630-637 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT14281
Submitted: 20 October 2014 Accepted: 19 December 2014 Published: 26 March 2015
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the seed dormancy-breaking requirements and type of life cycle of Turgenia latifolia in north-western China. At dispersal in July, only 0–9% of the seeds germinated at 5/2°C, 15/2°C, 20/10°C and 25/15°C; thus, 91% of the seeds exhibited physiological dormancy (PD) and 9% were non-dormant. Also, the embryo was underdeveloped and embryo length : seed length ratio increased from 0.38 in fresh seeds to 0.79 at germination. Seeds buried in dry soil at the four temperature regimes for 12 weeks germinated to ≥50% when tested in darkness at 5/2°C, and those buried at 15/2°C and 20/10°C germinated to ≥50% when tested at 15/2°C. Seeds have intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). PD was broken at high and/or low temperatures, but embryo growth was completed only at low temperatures; gibberellic acid (GA3) promoted germination. Seeds buried under natural conditions during summer germinated to ~70% and ~55% at 5/2°C and 15/2°C, respectively, in darkness in autumn. In a germination-phenology study, cumulative germination was ~20% and ~80% in autumn and spring, respectively. Intermediate complex MPD allows the species to behave as a winter annual and as a short-lived summer annual.
Additional keywords: embryo growth, morphophysiological dormancy, seed germination, winter annual.
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