Cycads show no stomatal-density and index response to elevated carbon dioxide and subambient oxygen
Matthew Haworth A C , Annmarie Fitzgerald B and Jennifer C. McElwain B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CNR – Istituto di Biometeorologia (IBIMET), Via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
B School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
C Corresponding author. Email: matthew.haworth@hotmail.com
Australian Journal of Botany 59(7) 630-639 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT11009
Submitted: 11 January 2011 Accepted: 23 September 2011 Published: 23 November 2011
Abstract
The stomatal density (SD) and index (SI) of fossil plants are widely used in reconstructing palaeo-atmospheric CO2 concentration (palaeo-[CO2]). These stomatal reconstructions depend on the inverse relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and SD and/or SI. Atmospheric oxygen concentration ([O2]) has also varied throughout earth history, influencing photosynthesis via the atmospheric CO2 : O2 ratio, and possibly affecting both SD and SI. Cycads formed a major component of Mesozoic floras, and may serve as suitable proxies of palaeo-[CO2]. However, little is known regarding SD and SI responses of modern cycads to [CO2] and [O2]. SD, SI and pore length were measured in six cycad species (Cycas revoluta, Dioon merolae, Lepidozamia hopei, Lepidozamia peroffskyana, Macrozamia miquelii and Zamia integrifolia) grown under elevated [CO2] (1500 ppm) and subambient [O2] (13.0%) in combination and separately, and compared with SD, SI and pore length under control atmospheric conditions of 380 ppm [CO2] and 20.9% [O2]. The cycad species analysed showed no significant SD, SI or pore-length response to changes in [CO2] or [O2].
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