Register      Login
Australian Journal of Botany Australian Journal of Botany Society
Southern hemisphere botanical ecosystems
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > BT > BT07124
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 56(6)

Phenotypic leaf variation in Avicennia marina in tropical Australia: can discrete subpopulations be recognised in the field?

Peter Saenger A C and Lyndon Brooks B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Coastal Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.

B Research Methodology Unit, Graduate Research College, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.

C Corresponding author. Email: peter.saenger@scu.edu.au

Australian Journal of Botany 56(6) 487-492 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT07124
Submitted: 28 June 2007  Accepted: 17 June 2008   Published: 16 September 2008

Abstract

The geographic patterns of phenotypic variation in leaf morphology traits were studied in the mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. in tropical Queensland, Australia, to determine whether discrete subpopulations could be recognised in the field. Significant differences in the various leaf characters occurred among the sites, which were not explained by longitude or latitude, nor by inter-site distances. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the estimated site means showed no coherent geographical groupings of the sites, suggesting that site populations do not follow a differentiation by distance model. Principal component analysis showed that site groupings with consistent leaf morphological characteristics could be identified, suggesting the A. marina occurs as widely scattered discrete subpopulations, and that phenotypic structuring occurs over quite short (<100 km) distances. Evidence from other studies suggests this phenotypic structuring reflects underlying genetic diversity, and it implies that a conservative approach to sourcing plant material for mangrove restoration projects would be appropriate.


Acknowledgements

The field assistance of Helen Saenger is gratefully acknowledged and we thank Greg Luker for calculating inter-site distances. Jerry Vanclay and Merv Shepherd are thanked for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.


References


Arnaud-Haond S, Teixeira S, Massa SI, Billot C, Saenger P, Coupland G, Duarte CM, Serrão EA (2006) Genetic structure at range edge: low diversity and high inbreeding in Southeast Asian mangrove (Avicennia marina) populations. Molecular Ecology 15, 3515–3525.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

Byrkit DR (1987) ‘Statistics today: a comprehensive introduction.’ (The Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, CA)

Centre for Multilevel Modelling (2001) ‘MLwiN Version 1.10 July 2001.’ (University of Bristol: Bristol, UK)

Cerón-Souza I, Toro-Perea N, Cárdenas-Henao H (2005) Population genetic structure of neotropical mangrove species on the Colombian Pacific coast: Avicennia germinans (Avicenniaceae). Biotropica 37, 258–265.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Dodd RS, Rafii ZA (2002) Evolutionary genetics of mangroves: continental drift to recent climate change. Trees (Berlin) 16, 80–86. open url image1

Duke NC, Benzie JAH, Goodall JA, Ballment ER (1998) Genetic structure and evolution of species of the mangrove genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Evolution 52, 1612–1626.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Ge XJ, Sun M (1999) Reproductive biology and genetic diversity of a cryptoviviparous mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum (Myrsinaceae) using allozyme and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. Molecular Ecology 8, 2061–2069.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Ge XJ, Sun M (2001) Population genetic structure of Ceriops tagal (Rhizophoraceae) in Thailand and China. Wetlands Ecology and Management 9, 213–219.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Giang LH, Hong PN, Tuan MS, Harada K (2003) Genetic variation of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae) in Vietnam revealed by microsatellite and AFLP markers. Genes & Genetic Systems 78, 399–407.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

Islam MS, Lian C, Kameyama N, Wu B, Hogetsu T (2004) Development of microsatellite markers in Rhizophora stylosa using a dual-suppression-polymerase chain reaction technique. Molecular Ecology Notes 4, 110–112.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | open url image1

Islam MS, Lian CL, Kameyama N, Wu B, Hogetsu T (2006) Development and characterization of ten new microsatellite markers in a mangrove tree species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.). Molecular Ecology Notes 6, 30–32.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | open url image1

Jackson JE (1991) ‘A users guide to principal components.’ (John Wiley and Sons: New York)

Jian S, Tang T, Zhong Y, Shi S (2004) Variation in inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) in mangrove and non-mangrove populations of Heritiera littoralis (Sterculiaceae) from China and Australia. Aquatic Botany 79, 75–86.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Maguire TL, Peakall R, Saenger P (2002) Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in the mangrove species Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae) detected by AFLPs and SSRs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 104, 388–398.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

Maguire TL, Saenger P, Baverstock P, Henry R (2000) Microsatellite analysis of genetic structure in the mangrove species Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae). Molecular Ecology 9, 1853–1862.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

McKay JK, Christian CE, Harrison S, Rice KJ (2005) ‘How local is local?’ A review of practical and conceptual issues in the genetics of restoration. Restoration Ecology 13, 432–440.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Melville F, Burchett M (2002) Genetic variation in Avicennia marina in three estuaries of Sydney (Australia) and implications for rehabilitation and management. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 469–479.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

Nettel A, Rafii F, Dodd RS (2005) Characterization of microsatellite markers for the mangrove tree Avicennia germinans L. (Avicenniaceae). Molecular Ecology Notes 5, 103–105.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | open url image1

Pinheiro JC , Bates DM (2000) ‘Mixed-effects models in S and S-Plus.’ (Springer-Verlag: New York)

Saenger P (1998) Mangrove vegetation: an evolutionary perspective. Marine and Freshwater Research 49, 277–286.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | open url image1

Sugaya T, Yoshimaru H, Takeuchi T, Katsuta M, Fujimoto K (2003) Development and polymorphism of simple sequence repeat DNA markers for Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. Molecular Ecology Notes 3, 88–90.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | open url image1

Sun M, Wong KC, Lee SY (1998) Reproductive biology and population genetic structure of Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae), a viviparous mangrove species. American Journal of Botany 85, 1631–1637.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Tan F, Huang Y, Ge XJ, Su G, Ni X, Shi S (2005) Population genetic structure and conservation implications of Ceriops decandra in Malay Peninsula and North Australia. Aquatic Botany 81, 175–188.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Tang T, Zhong Y, Jian S, Shi S (2003) Genetic diversity of Hibiscus tiliaceus (Malvaceae) in China assessed using AFLP markers. Annals of Botany 92, 409–414.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | CAS | PubMed | open url image1

White F (1962) Geographic variation and speciation in Africa with particular reference to Diospyros. In ‘Taxonomy and geography’. (Ed. D Nichols) pp. 71–103. (The Systematics Association: London)