Conservation biology of the rare species Conospermum undulatum and Macarthuria keigheryi in an urban bushland remnant
Dugald C. Close A B E , Giuseppe Messina A C , Siegfried L. Krauss A B , Deanna P. Rokich A B , Jennifer Stritzke D and Kingsley W. Dixon A BA Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, Perth, WA 6005, Australia.
B School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
C Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee 30, 50019 SESTO, Italy.
D Westralia Airports Corporation, PO Box 6, Cloverdale, WA 6985, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: dclose@bgpa.wa.gov.au
Australian Journal of Botany 54(6) 583-593 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT05205
Submitted: 8 December 2005 Accepted: 8 May 2006 Published: 15 September 2006
Abstract
We evaluated the utility of a focussed, short-duration research program for investigation of two rare species that occur within an urban bushland remnant, with application for improving conservation management and translocation outcomes. Conospermum undulatum Lindl. is listed as Threatened and Macarthuria keigheryi Lepschi is listed as Vulnerable under the (Australian) Federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The C. undulatum population lacked evidence of juvenile plants, indicating either lack of a suitable germination cue or failure of seedling establishment. The M. keigheryi population was browsed heavily by feral rabbits where exposed and thrived when sheltered within unpalatable vegetation from rabbits. Seeds of M. keigheryi were rapidly removed in an ant cafeteria-style experiment, although seeds of the related Macarthuria australis and an ‘outgroup’ species, Gompholobium tomentosum, were removed at equally high rates. Seed viability was high in M. keigheryi, but variable in C. undulatum. Germination rates, in untreated fresh seed, were 11% for C. undulatum and 0% for M. keigheryi and increased to 27 and 3%, respectively, when treated with gibberellic acid. Maximum strike rates for cuttings of 33 and ~75% were obtained for C. undulatum and M. keigheryi, respectively. Cutting-grown plants of M. keigheryi flowered and seeded profusely in the nursery within 7 months, providing a highly effective seed-orchard resource for research and conservation seed banking. Genetic fingerprinting (AFLP) indicated that the C. undulatum population at Perth Airport was not genetically distinct from nearby C. undulatum populations, despite its relatively high variability in leaf morphology. All C. undulatum populations contained moderate to high levels of genetic variation, with the percentage of AFLP markers polymorphic ranging from 48.6 to 64.9%, and heterozygosity from 0.167 to 0.202. Overall, the knowledge gained from this program of short duration will enable informed management and will underpin successful population enhancement through future translocations.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr Peter Cock of Westralia Airports Corporation for consultation, Dr David Merritt for advice on seed experiments, and Robyn Taylor and Rob Holland for laboratory assistance. Cutting and seed material of Conospermum undulatum and Macarthuria keigheryi were collected under Permit No. E2005-59252 issued under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 of the Commonwealth of Australia.
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